Wikipedia
ASTRO-C, renamed Ginga (Japanese for 'galaxy'), was an X-ray astronomy satellite launched from the Kagoshima Space Center on 5 February 1987 using M-3SII launch vehicle. The primary instrument for observations was the Large Area Counter (LAC). Ginga was the third Japanese X-ray astronomy mission, following Hakucho and Tenma. Ginga reentered the Earth's atmosphere on 1 November 1991.
The was an overnight express sleeper train operating on the Tōkaidō Main Line between and in Japan. It was initially operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) and, after its privatization in 1987, by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).
The Ginga followed a similar route to the much faster Tōkaidō Shinkansen high-speed line, and filled the overnight gap in the Shinkansen's timetable. While the last Osaka-Tokyo Shinkansen trains departed at 21:20 (in either direction, as of 2008), Ginga departed Osaka at 22:30 and Tokyo at 23:00, and arrives over an hour before the first Shinkansen arrival the next morning. This made it somewhat popular among business travelers who needed a later departure or earlier arrival than the Shinkansen could provide.
However, the numerous overnight buses on the Tokyo-Osaka route largely captured the budget traveler market, while late evening and early morning flights to Kansai Airport (which opened in 1994 and does not have the noise restrictions facing Osaka Airport) were now used by many business travelers who would otherwise have used Ginga. As a result, Ginga's ridership fell dramatically and finally the train was discontinued upon the 15 March 2008 timetable revision.
Ginga may refer to:
- Ginga (satellite), an astronomical satellite
- Ginga (train), a Japanese overnight train
- "Ginga" (single), a 2005 single from Japanese rock band Fujifabric
- Yokosuka P1Y Ginga, a Japanese bomber aircraft
- Ginga (middleware), a Japanese-Brazilian digital TV middleware
- Ginga Nagareboshi Gin, a Japanese manga/anime series from the 1980s
- Ginga Nakajima, a fictional character in Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha StrikerS
- Ginga Hagane, a character in Beyblade: Metal Fusion
- SL Ginga, a Japanese excursion train
- Ginga (capoeira), a cardio and conditioning class blends a variety of dance styles including hip hop, Latin, house, Salsa and Soca with Brazilian martial arts moves for a unique exercise experience that will invigorate and inspire. a fundamental movement in capoeira
- Ginga, a slang term for a person with red hair
- Ginga Scout, a location-based soccer application
Ginga is the middleware specification for the Nipo-Brazilian Digital TV System ( SBTVD, from the Portuguese Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital). Ginga is also ITU-T Recommendation for IPTV Services. It is also considered in ITU-T recommendations for Cable Broadcast services (ITU-T J.200 Recommendation series: Rec. ITU-T J.200, Rec. ITU-T J.201 and Rec. ITU-T J.202) and for Terrestrial Broadcast services by ITU-R BT.1889, ITU-R BT.1699 and ITU-R BT.1722. Ginga was developed based on a set of standardized technologies but mainly on innovations developed by Brazilian researchers. Its current reference implementation was released under the GPL license.
Ginga is divided into two main integrated subsystems, which allow the development of applications following two different programming paradigms. Those subsystems are called Ginga-NCL (for declarative NCL applications) and Ginga-J (for imperative Java applications).
In the case of the Brazilian Terrestrial Digital TV System, and any other Digital TV Systems following the definitions in the ABNT standards for the Ginga Middleware ABNT 15606, Ginga-J is required to be supported in fixed receivers and it is optional in portable receivers. For IPTV services following the H.761 ITU-T Recommendation, only the Ginga-NCL subsystem is required, for any terminal type.