What is "flufftail"

n. Any of nine species of bird in the genus ''Sarothrura'' of the family Sarothruridae, endemic to Africa.

Flufftails (genus Sarothrura) are small birds related to rails and finfoots. There are nine species, seven of which are distributed across sub-Saharan Africa, with the remaining two in Madagascar. The group's common name is derived from the short tail which has degraded fluffy feathers. All species except the white-winged flufftail display sexual dimorphism in their plumage but not their size.

Flufftails are highly secretive and seldom observed. Two species, the buff-spotted flufftail and the white-spotted flufftail, are inhabitants of dense forests, while the remaining species are found in deep grasslands and marshes. One species, the streaky-breasted flufftail, is known to be migratory. It is uncertain whether other species are as well; the white-winged flufftail may breed in Ethiopia and winter in South Africa but this is not known for certain.

The breeding behaviour of the flufftails has not been observed for many species. Many species breed in the wet season. All species are highly vocal during the breeding season, with repertoires including duets. In the Madagascar flufftail the courtship behaviour consists of duetting, nest building (which is undertaken by the male), nest visits by the female, and copulation. Flufftails build domed nests; the nest of the Madagascar flufftail is positioned high above the ground in vines, and the nest of the white-winged flufftail is placed in reeds over waterlogged ground. The eggs of all the species that have been studied are white, unlike most rails. The chicks are covered in black down at birth and have a slightly coloured bill; adult plumage is quickly attained in most species. Both parents care for the chicks.

Two species are currently considered endangered by the IUCN, the white-winged flufftail and the slender-billed flufftail. They are threatened with habitat loss caused by the draining of wetlands for cultivation.

• Genus Sarothrura (flufftails; 9 species)
  • White-spotted flufftail, Sarothrura pulchra
  • Buff-spotted flufftail, Sarothrura elegans
  • Red-chested flufftail, Sarothrura rufa
  • Chestnut-headed flufftail, Sarothrura lugens
  • Streaky-breasted flufftail, Sarothrura boehmi
  • Striped flufftail, Sarothrura affinis
  • Madagascar flufftail, Sarothrura insularis
  • White-winged flufftail, Sarothrura ayresi
  • Slender-billed flufftail, Sarothrura watersi