Wikipedia
Flashrom
Flashrom is a universal flash programming utility used to detect, read, verify, erase, or write BIOS chips in dual in-line package (DIP), plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC), small-outline integrated circuit (SOIC), thin small-outline package (TSOP), or ball grid array (BGA) packages. It supports parallel, Low Pin Count (LPC), FWH and Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) flash interfaces. It can be used to flash firmware images such as BIOS or coreboot, or to backup an existing firmware.