The Collaborative International Dictionary
Wikipedia
In the Middle Ages, a familiaris (plural familiares), more formally a familiaris regis ("familiaris of the king") or curiae ("of the court"), was, in the words of the historian W. L. Warren, "an intimate, a familiar resident or visitor in the [royal] household, a member of the familia, that wider family which embraces servants, confidents, and close associates." Warren adds that the term "defies adequate translation", but is distinct from courtier, "for the king employed his familiares on a variety of administrative tasks." The familiares of a king are collectively referred to as the familia regis, which evolved into a private royal council—in England during the reign of Henry III (1216–72) and in France during that of Philip V (1316–22). In England, it was known as the concilium familiare or concilium privatum ( Privy Council) and in France as the magnum consilium (great council, the Conseil du Roi). The familiares regis may have already formed an inner royal council in Sicily during the reign of Roger II (1130–54).
Usage examples of "familiaris".
Our ancestors apparently domesticated them, breeding out the fierceness, breeding in companionability, eventually turning the Ice Age Canis lupus pallipes into Canis familiaris, the modern pooch with its 300 sundry breeds.
On the other hand, an intelligence based on the psychome -- that is, one without a true psyche -- will rarely do so, with the exception of the long-domesticated Canis familiaris, the domestic dog.
Think of dogs, with all the different sizes and shapes and breeds they come in, and yet theyre all Canis familiaris, from a palmpup squeaker to a Nordanian riding hound.
The Truth About Dogs : An Inquiry into the Ancestry, Social Conventions, Mental Habits, and Moral Fiber of Canis Familiaris.
The term dog paddle is derived from the instinctive knowledge of swimming Canis familiaris possesses, Professor Peddick said.