Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
1944, in reference to the Nazis, probably translating German Todeslager; they also were known as extermination camps (German Vernichtungslager); historians usually count six of them: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Chełmno, Bełżec, Majdanek, Sobibór, Treblinka.
Wiktionary
n. A facility built during the Holocaust by the Nazis to kill especially the Jewish people through gassing.
WordNet
n. a concentration camp where prisoners are likely to die or be killed
Usage examples of "death camp".
If you believed in bad Medicine, it was no surprise this was a death camp.
Fabrizio by nobody in my life, except th' damn P-Squads who threw my ass in a prison van an' shipped it to th' death camp.
Cruel foreigners who took the young men and women to labor in a death camp, to create a metal precious beyond gold but without beauty, a metal invisibly resplendent, a metal valued for the horror of its touch, death by white light or lingering cancer.
I could not leave her there, Lothar defended himself, in that death camp.
The prospect of being hanged by the guerrillas, or at best carted off to a Siberian death camp, did not appeal to me at all.