Wiktionary
clockwork universe
n. a universe in which all of the actions of matter and energy operate as reactions according to predetermined rules set down by a creator, like the movements of a clock.
WordNet
clockwork universe
n. the view that the universe resembles a clock built by God and ticking along according to Newtonian mechanics
Wikipedia
Clockwork universe
In the history of science, the clockwork universe compares the universe to a mechanical clock. It continues ticking along, as a perfect machine, with its gears governed by the laws of physics, making every aspect of the machine predictable.