Crossword clues for choline
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Choline \Cho"line\, n. [Gr. ? bile.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Neurine.
Wiktionary
n. (context biochemistry English) A hydroxy quaternary ammonium compound with formula (methyl)3nitrogen+methylenemethylenehydroxylX−. It is an essential nutrient for cardiovascular and brain health and for cell membrane formation. Discovered by Andreas Strecker in 1862.
WordNet
n. a B-complex vitamin that is a constituent of lecithin; essential in the metabolism of fat
Wikipedia
Choline (/ˈkoʊlin/) is a water-soluble nutrient. It is usually grouped within the B-complex vitamins. Choline generally refers to the various quaternary ammonium salts containing the N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium cation. (X on the right denotes an undefined counteranion.)
The cation appears in the head groups of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, two classes of phospholipid that are abundant in cell membranes. Choline is the precursor molecule for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is involved in many functions including memory and muscle control.
Some animals cannot produce choline, but must consume it through their diet to remain healthy; this includes humans, in whom it is an essential nutrient. Choline plays an important role in reducing the risk of neural tube defects, fatty liver disease, and other pathologies. Furthermore, while methionine and folate are known to interact with choline in the methylation of homocysteine to produce methionine, recent studies have shown that choline deficiency may have adverse effects, even when sufficient amounts of methionine and folate are present. It is used in the synthesis of components in cell membranes. The 2005 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey stated that only 2% of postmenopausal women consume the recommended intake for choline.
Usage examples of "choline".
Roots, stalks, leaves contain an acrid narcotic, superbine, as well as colchicine and choline.
The paralyzing effects of the succinyl choline had faded, and there had been rather a lot of struggling and noise at this point, yet his tie work remained as fastidious as a seamstress's.
Potter swung his attention to the priority rack beside him, checked the presentation - in the first row the pyrimidines, nucleic acids and proteins, then aneurin, riboflavin, pyridoxin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, choline, inositol, sulfhydryl.
Other constituents are a crystalline saponin- like glucoside, an amorphous, bitter glucoside, which is a modification of tannin, and is known as Ipecacuanhic acid, choline, resin, pectin, starch, sugar, calcium oxalate, odorous, fatty matter and a disagreeable-smelling volatile oil.
Other constituents of Henbane are a glucosidal bitter principle called hyoscytricin, choline, mucilage, albumin, calcium oxalate and potassium nitrate.
Other constituents of the fruit are a fixed oil, choline, sugar and mucilage.