Wiktionary
casus foederis
n. A situation covered by the terms of an international treaty (or similar understanding), and which consequently requires action from the parties involved.
Wikipedia
Casus foederis
Casus foederis (or casus fœderis) is derived from the Latin for "case for the alliance". In diplomatic terms, it describes a situation in which the terms of an alliance come into play, such as one nation being attacked by another.