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Caravaggio

Michelangelo Merisi (Michael Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio (; 29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610) was an Italian painter active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily between 1592 (1595?) and 1610. His paintings, which combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, had a formative influence on Baroque painting.

Caravaggio trained as a painter in Milan under Simone Peterzano who had himself trained under Titian. In his twenties Caravaggio moved to Rome where there was a demand for paintings to fill the many huge new churches and palazzos being built at the time. It was also a period when the Church was searching for a stylistic alternative to Mannerism in religious art that was tasked to counter the threat of Protestantism. Caravaggio's innovation was a radical naturalism that combined close physical observation with a dramatic, even theatrical, use of chiaroscuro which came to be known as tenebrism (the shift from light to dark with little intermediate value).

He gained attention in the art scene of Rome in 1600 with the success of his first public commissions, the Martyrdom of Saint Matthew and Calling of Saint Matthew. Thereafter he never lacked commissions or patrons, yet he handled his success poorly. He was jailed on several occasions, vandalized his own apartment, and ultimately had a death sentence pronounced against him by the Pope after killing a young man, possibly unintentionally, on May 29, 1606.

An early published notice on him, dating from 1604 and describing his lifestyle three years previously, recounts that "after a fortnight's work he will swagger about for a month or two with a sword at his side and a servant following him, from one ball-court to the next, ever ready to engage in a fight or an argument, so that it is most awkward to get along with him." In 1606 he killed a young man in a brawl and fled from Rome with a price on his head. He was involved in a brawl in Malta in 1608, and another in Naples in 1609, possibly a deliberate attempt on his life by unidentified enemies. This encounter left him severely injured. A year later, at the age of 38, he died under mysterious circumstances in Porto Ercole in Tuscany, reportedly from a fever while on his way to Rome to receive a pardon.

Famous while he lived, Caravaggio was forgotten almost immediately after his death, and it was only in the 20th century that his importance to the development of Western art was rediscovered. Despite this, his influence on the new Baroque style that eventually emerged from the ruins of Mannerism was profound. It can be seen directly or indirectly in the work of Rubens, Jusepe de Ribera, Bernini, and Rembrandt, and artists in the following generation heavily under his influence were called the "Caravaggisti" or "Caravagesques", as well as tenebrists or tenebrosi ("shadowists"). The 20th-century art historian André Berne-Joffroy claimed: "What begins in the work of Caravaggio is, quite simply, modern painting."

Caravaggio (disambiguation)

Caravaggio (1571–1610) was a painter, famous for his dramatic use of lighting.

Caravaggio may also refer to:

  • Caravaggio, Lombardy, Italy, a comune in the province of Bergamo
  • Polidoro da Caravaggio ( – 1543), painter best known for his now-vanished paintings on the facades of Roman houses (unrelated to the above)
  • Caravaggio (1941 film), an Italian film directed by Goffredo Alessandrini
  • Caravaggio (1986 film), a British film about the painter directed by Derek Jarman
  • Caravaggio (2007 film), a 2007 Italian television film
  • Caravaggio (restaurant), a New York City Italian restaurant
  • "Caravaggio", a song by Claudia Faniello for the Malta Song for Europe 2008
  • David Caravaggio, a character from the novels In the Skin of a Lion and The English Patient
  • Caravaggio, a character in the Canadian science fiction television series Starhunter and Starhunter 2300
  • Caravaggio, a ballet by Italian choreographer Mauro Bigonzetti, with music by Bruno Moretti
Caravaggio (1986 film)

Caravaggio is a 1986 British film directed by Derek Jarman. The film is a fictionalised re-telling of the life of Baroque painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. It is the film debut of both Sean Bean and Tilda Swinton.

Caravaggio (restaurant)

Caravaggio is an Italian restaurant located at 23 East 74th Street (between 5th Avenue and Madison Avenue) on the Upper East Side in Manhattan, in New York City. It is around the corner from the Whitney Museum of American Art.

Caravaggio (1941 film)

Caravaggio'' (Italian:Caravaggio, il pittore maledetto'') is a 1941 Italian historical drama film directed by Goffredo Alessandrini and starring Amedeo Nazzari, Clara Calamai and Lamberto Picasso. Nazzari portrays the painter Caravaggio as a wayward genius. It was one of his favourite screen roles.

Caravaggio (2007 film)

Caravaggio is a 2007 Italian television movie directed by Angelo Longoni. The film is based on real life events of Baroque painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio.