What is "c-theorem"

In theoretical physics, specifically quantum field theory, C-theorem states that there exists a positive real function, C(g, μ), depending on the coupling constants of the quantum field theory considered, g, and on the energy scale, μ, which has the following properties:

• C(g, μ) decreases monotonically under the renormalization group (RG) flow.
• At fixed points of the RG flow, which are specified by a set of fixed-point couplings g, the function C(g, μ) = C is a constant, independent of energy scale.

The theorem formalizes the notion that theories at high energies have more degrees of freedom than theories at low energies and that information is lost as we flow from the former to the latter.