WordNet
n. (computer science) a computer file containing machine-readable information that must be read by an application; characters use all 8 bits of each byte
Wikipedia
A binary file is a computer file that is not a text file. Many binary file formats contain parts that can be interpreted as text; for example, some computer document files containing formatted text, such as older Microsoft Word document files, contain the text of the document but also contain formatting information in binary form.
Usage examples of "binary file".
Using system calls that dug directly into the file system, she found a binary file that had been created by Fire, only last night.
I pointed out that his copy of Binary File Transfer Monthly was possibly the most boring document I'd ever seen in my life.
There is a way that two PDP-10's can agree to send a 36-bit binary file.