Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
Persian masc. proper name, in classical history, a son of Xerxes II, also a son of Darius, from Greek Artaxerxes (explained by Herodotus as "Great Warrior"), from Old Persian Artaxšaca, literally "having a kingdom of justice," from arta- "justice" + xšaca "kingdom."
Wikipedia
Artaxerxes may refer to:
The throne name of several Achaemenid rulers of the 1st Persian Empire:
- Artaxerxes I of Persia (died 424 BC), Artaxerxes I Longimanus, r. 465–424 BC, son and successor of Xerxes I
- Artaxerxes II of Persia (436 BC–358 BC), Artaxerxes II Memnon, r. 404–358 BC, son and successor of Darius II
- Artaxerxes III of Persia (425 BC–338 BC), Artaxerxes III Ochus, r. 358–338 BC, son and successor of Artaxerxes II
- Artaxerxes IV of Persia (died 336 BC), Artaxerxes IV Arses, r. 338–336 BC, son and successor of Artaxerxes III
- Artaxerxes V of Persia (died 329 BC), Artaxerxes V Bessus, r. 330–329 BC, nobleman who seized the throne from Darius III
Artaxerxes may also refer to:
- Ardeshir, the Middle and Modern Persian name descended from Old Persian equivalent of Artaxerxes, Artaxšacā
- Artaxerxes (opera), a 1762 opera by Thomas Arne
- 7212 Artaxerxes, a main-belt asteroid
- The wizard Artaxerxes, a character in J.R.R. Tolkien's novella " Roverandom"
Artaxerxes is an opera in three acts composed by Thomas Arne set to an English adaptation (probably by Arne himself) of Metastasio's 1729 libretto Artaserse. The first English opera seria, Artaxerxes premiered on 2 February 1762 at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden and continued to be regularly performed until the late 1830s. Its plot is loosely based on the historical figure, Artaxerxes I of Persia who succeeded his father Xerxes I after his assassination by Artabanus.
Usage examples of "artaxerxes".
Since the murder of my beloved friend Xerxes and the accession of his son Artaxerxes, my position at Susa has been less than comfortable.
From Cyrus to our current enlightened lord, Artaxerxes, the diverse peoples of the empire are allowed to live pretty much as they have always lived, owing the Great King no more than annual taxes, in exchange for which he gives them safety and law.
Not long ago, during a royal hunt, he saved the Great King Artaxerxes from a lion.
Although Artaxerxes was grateful to Megabyzus for saving his life, he was outraged that an ancient custom had been flouted.
If Artaxerxes agreed to the execution of his brother, they promised to make him Great King.
I have reason to believe that Artaxerxes knew even then exactly what had happened.
But Artabanus controlled the palace guard, and Artaxerxes was powerless.
I do know that when she learned through her spies that Artabanus planned to murder Artaxerxes and make himself Great King, she summoned Megabyzus and made a secret alliance with him.
Now look down here, under Artaxerxes, these two guys are Democritus and Heraclitus, the Greek philosophers.
Lucian alludes, it is supposed, to Ctesias, the physician to Artaxerxes, whose history is stuffed with encomiums on his royal patron.