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Achaeus ( Akhaios; died 213 BC) was a general and later a separatist ruler of part of the Greek Seleucid kingdom. He was the son of Andromachus, whose sister Laodice II married Seleucus Callinicus, the father of Antiochus III the Great He accompanied Seleucus Ceraunus, the son of Callinicus, in his expedition across mount Taurus against Attalus I, and after the assassination of Seleucus revenged his death; and though he might easily have assumed the royal power, he remained faithful to the family of Seleucus.
In 223 BC Antiochus III, the successor of Seleucus, appointed him to the command of all Asia Minor on the western side of Mount Taurus. Achaeus recovered all the districts which Attalus had gained for the Seleucids once more; but being falsely accused by Hermeias, the minister to Antiochus, of intending to revolt, he did so in self-defence, assumed the title of king, and ruled over the whole of Asia on the western side of the Taurus. As long as Antiochus was engaged in the war with Ptolemy, he would not march against Achaeus; but upon the conclusion of a treaty with Ptolemy, he crossed the Taurus, uniting his forces with Attalus, and in one campaign deprived Achaeus of his dominions and took Sardis (with the exception of the citadel). After sustaining a siege of two years, the citadel at last fell into the hands of Antiochus in 213 BC, through the treachery of Bolis (who had been employed by Sosibius, minister to Ptolemy). Bolis pledged to deliver Achaeus to safety, but turned him over to Antiochus, who immediately put him to death.
Achaeus was, according to nearly all traditions, a son of Xuthus and Creusa, and consequently a brother of Ion and grandson of Hellen. The Achaeans regarded him as the author of their race, and derived from him their own name as well as that of Achaia, which was formerly called Aegialus. When his uncle Aeolus in Thessaly, whence he himself had come to Peloponnesus, died, he went there and made himself master of Phthiotis, which now also received from him the name of Achaia. Servius alone calls Achaeus a son of Jupiter ( Zeus) and Pithia, which is probably miswritten for Phthia, compare the account of Clement.
Achaeus (; flourished 3rd century BC) was a Greek Macedonian nobleman and was the second son born to King and founder of the Seleucid Empire Seleucus I Nicator and Persian noblewoman Apama I. Achaeus was of Greek and Persian descent. He had three siblings: one brother the Seleucid King Antiochus I Soter and two sisters: Apama and Laodice. Achaeus is sometimes called Achaeus the Elder, to distinguish him from his grandson the Seleucid General, Achaeus.
Achaeus was a wealthy man and owned estates in Anatolia. Achaeus was a benefactor for those who assisted during the war against the Galatians. The Seleucid military campaign against the Galatians took place between 269 BC-267 BC, during the reign of Antiochus I. Those who had assisted Antiochus I and Achaeus were taken prisoner and Achaeus paid for their ransom to be released. Antiochus I won this military campaign. Those who had Achaeus as their benefactor inscribed their benefaction on a stone stele and placed it in the sanctuary of Zeus at Babakome and that of Apollo at Kiddioukome. The descendants of those who were saved by Achaeus for all time were granted a seat of honor at the public festivals and sacrificed to Achaeus every year an ox in the sanctuary of Zeus.
Achaeus married an unnamed Greek woman. From his wife, she had born him four children who were:
- Antiochis, she married Attalus and became the mother of Attalus I, King of Pergamon.
- Alexander, held high positions under his paternal uncle Antiochus I Soter.
- Laodice I, she was the first wife of the Seleucid King Antiochus II Theos.
- Andromachus, he was held captive by the Egyptian Pharaoh Ptolemy III Euergetes.
Achaeus is a genus of crabs comprising the following species:
- Achaeus affinis Miers, 1884
- Achaeus akanensis Sakai, 1937
- Achaeus anauchen Buitendijk, 1939
- Achaeus barnardi Griffin, 1968
- Achaeus boninensis Miyake & Takeda, 1969
- Achaeus brevidactylus Sakai, 1938
- Achaeus brevifalcatus Rathbun, 1911
- Achaeus brevirostris (Haswell, 1879)
- Achaeus brevis (Ortmann, 1894)
- Achaeus buderes Manning & Holthuis, 1981
- Achaeus cadelli Alcock, 1896
- Achaeus cranchii Leach, 1817
- Achaeus curvirostris (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873)
- Achaeus dubia Laurie, 1906
- Achaeus erythraeus Balss, 1929
- Achaeus foresti Monod, 1956
- Achaeus gracilis (Costa, 1839)
- Achaeus inimicus Rathbun, 1911
- Achaeus japonicus (De Haan, 1839)
- Achaeus kermadecensis Webber & Takeda, 2005
- Achaeus lacertosus Stimpson, 1858
- Achaeus laevioculis Miers, 1884
- Achaeus lorina (Adams & White, 1848)
- Achaeus monodi (Capart, 1951)
- Achaeus paradicei Griffin, 1970
- Achaeus podocheloides Griffin, 1970
- Achaeus powelli Manning, 1982
- Achaeus pugnax (De Man, 1928)
- Achaeus robustus Yokoya, 1933
- Achaeus serenei Griffin & Tranter, 1986
- Achaeus spinosissimus Griffin, 1968
- Achaeus spinossisimus Griffin, 1968
- Achaeus spinosus Miers, 1879
- Achaeus superciliaris (Ortmann, 1893)
- Achaeus trifalcatus Forest & Guinot, 1966
- Achaeus trituberculatus Rathbun, 1894
- Achaeus tuberculatus Miers, 1879
- Achaeus turbator Manning & Holthuis, 1981
- Achaeus varians Takeda & Miyake, 1969
- Achaeus villosus Rathbun, 1916