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What is "outside"

Crossword clues for outside

outside
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
outside
I.adverb
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
an outside toilet (=one that is outside a house, not in it)
▪ The house was small, with no hot water and an outside toilet.
an outside/a remote chance (=a very small chance)
▪ He still has an outside chance of winning the championship.
an outside/independent consultant (=one who does not belong to your organization)
▪ An educational programme was planned by outside consultants.
be born outside marriage (=be born when your parents are not married)
▪ Four in ten children are born outside marriage.
be within/outside sb’s remit
▪ Marketing is outside our remit.
cold out/outside
▪ It’s too cold out – I’m staying at home.
fall outside the scope of sth (=not be included in it)
▪ His later exploits in Persia fall outside the scope of this book.
in/outside sb’s price range (=used when saying that someone can/cannot afford to pay for something)
▪ Unfortunately, there was nothing in our price range.
outside our control
▪ Flight delays do occur, for reasons that are outside our control.
outside/external influence (=happening from outside a country or a situation)
▪ They must make their own decisions, free from external influence.
▪ The US remains the biggest outside influence on the country.
outside/within the domain of sth/sb
▪ This problem is outside the domain of medical science.
sex before/outside marriage
▪ Her religious beliefs prevented sex before marriage.
the inside/middle/outside lane
▪ Use the outside lane for overtaking only.
the outside/outer edge
▪ The airport is located on the outer edge of town.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
the outside world
▪ Hong Kong constitutes a critical economic gateway between the mainland and the outside world.
▪ In essential schizophrenia the characteristic pattern is of withdrawal from the impacts of experience in the outside world.
▪ It gives us everything from our connection to the outside world to our artistic and intellectual systems.
▪ It was from this room that he wrote his first and only communications with the outside world.
▪ Prisoners' confinement and lack of contact with the outside world compound their problems.
▪ She is not afraid of the outside world, but recognizes its beauty, and therein lies a danger.
▪ Such pets will be fully animated robots, in constant communication with the outside world in order to serve you.
▪ What if the outside world was unaware of what was happening at Heymouth?
think outside the box
within/outside the purview of sb/sth
▪ Mr. Davis felt constrained to accept that such a case might be within the purview of the legislation.
▪ S.U. was to be encouraged, eliminating chains of assessment and decision making which had lain within the purview of the superintendent.
▪ Salary negotiations are normally not within the purview of the president.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Outside, joggers in shorts and t-shirts ran by.
▪ Could I speak with you outside in the hall for just a minute?
▪ It's cold outside.
▪ It's such a nice day. Why don't you play outside?
▪ Lonnie, take the dog outside.
▪ There were a couple of guards standing outside.
▪ When I woke up it was still dark outside.
II.adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
agency
▪ They can be primary or special schools, mixed groups of teaching and outside agency staff.
▪ Then I discovered Columbia had h4ed an outside agency to make these calls on their behalf.
▪ A large electronic price board displays current in-house information in the Exchange, which is relayed to outside agencies.
▪ They are introduced to the day centre and attend regular training sessions organised by the project and other outside agencies.
▪ Support for the residents would be provided either by social services staff or workers from an outside agency.
▪ She documents the considerable difficulties involved for researchers in approaching bereaved families and countering the disapproval of many outside agencies.
▪ They reject help from outside agencies which they see as interfering and so often show a poor response to therapy and intervention.
▪ Education Management: Issues of management, organization and links with outside agencies.
air
▪ They no longer rely on outside air to fill the bladder, but have special glands for manufacturing gas.
▪ The refrigerant carries the heat to the outside coil where the fan cools it, blowing the heat into the outside air.
▪ The building will need to be carefully leak-proofed against the outside air, and customers will have to enter by an air-lock.
▪ When temperatures approach freezing, water vapor from the outside air will condense on the outdoor coil and freeze.
▪ The outside air temperature was above minimum, but I switched on the engine anti-ice anyway, just to be sure.
▪ They also use an air supply system to bring in outside air for combustion, rather than interior air.
▪ His cheek, shaved, ready for the outside air, presses mine, which is still warm and undifferentiated.
▪ She was about to try something else when the outside air pressure indicator above her visor started to move.
body
▪ Somewhat the same difficulty arises when outside bodies wish to deal with the civil service as such.
▪ It is important that this representation on outside bodies is fully maintained in the interest of the people whom the councillor represents.
▪ The students were drawn from 88 trade unions, and some outside bodies.
▪ In most cases allowances to members apply when the councillor attends such outside bodies.
▪ Pearce has found that his involvement in so many outside bodies has helped to broaden his knowledge and outlook.
▪ Staff appropriate to Florey's aims had to be recruited and grants to pay them obtained from outside bodies.
▪ The University encourages links with industry and other outside bodies.
▪ The quality of the finished products should at least match the standards of comparable outside bodies.
chance
▪ There is also an outside chance Cadbury may itself be a bid target.
▪ Some shrewd Iowa pols also see an outside chance for former Gov.
▪ Norman pitched his into the heart of the green and had an outside chance for birdie.
▪ Here are two more from the downs with an outside chance and one from Wendover in Buckinghamshire.
consultant
▪ It is likely that outside consultants will be employed by the Health and Safety Executive.
▪ Invite a professional writer into your group, whether a company technical or marketing writer or an outside consultant.
▪ It is management that have to address themselves to the solutions, either by using internal resources or by engaging outside consultants.
▪ The hospital has hired an outside consultant to review staffing levels, she said, but has made no changes.
▪ Frequently the systems planning team also includes an outside consultant.
▪ He said he had not cleared my involvement, or the involvement of any other outside consultant, with his boss.
▪ The team is being supported by from outside consultants Andersen Consulting.
▪ This computerisation involves both Survey staff and outside consultants appointed to establish the large digitised archive.
contractor
▪ The disadvantages include the possible unreliability of outside contractors and fewer opportunities to integrate all aspects of provision into a corporate whole.
▪ The positions of those employees were transferred to outside contractors, saving millions of dollars.
▪ We do not want this work to be carried out by outside contractors.
▪ For instance, the telephones at 3Com are answered by people who work for an outside contractor.
▪ A popular means of saving costs is to reduce the work-force and hire outside contractors to perform the same duties.
▪ Some local authorities continued to engage outside contractors but others that had done so reverted to in-house provision.
door
▪ Promptly at quarter to six there was a knock on the outside door.
▪ As McMenamy pushed the cart to the outside door of the bank, Fish followed, scanning the parking lot.
▪ Double glaze windows, add lobbies to outside doors.
▪ It may not be as strong as the main outside door.
▪ They could be banging on the outside doors right now, and he wouldn't hear a thing.
edge
▪ Use morning and/or night and dot a pinhead amount underneath and around the outside edge.
▪ Most decks are supported on the outside edge by a beam that is notched into the post tops.
▪ Start at the ridge at the base of the toes and work to outside edge of the heel.
▪ The legspinner beat the outside edge many a time in the ongoing psychological thriller of the summer.
▪ The second turning starts at the outside edge turning the whole field including the double row towards the hedgerow.
help
▪ Another was that generous outside help would strengthen, not weaken, Mr Yeltsin's position at home.
▪ But no outside help materialized and after a few days he prudently took refuge across the border in Milan.
▪ Can you do it yourself or do you need outside help?
▪ But when necessity dictated, the patrol was adept in suppressing rebellion without outside help.
▪ Even so, some analysts question whether the company can finance a new model costing, perhaps, £250 million without outside help.
▪ Well, Bernard also decided to get some outside help.
▪ If you suffer from a phobia, you would probably do best to seek outside help from a professional.
▪ Jane managed to help me and bring up two children without outside help.
influence
▪ The Dalmatians from Ragusa represented the most important of the outside influences which penetrated into the heart of the Balkans.
▪ The outside influences have no bearing on what you can do for your basketball team....
▪ Her geographical position, like Athens', was accessible to outside influences and radical thinking.
▪ Investigators have concluded that outside influence drove numerous personnel decisions and resulted in slanted broadcasts.
▪ The development of an idea is a tortuous process involving many outside influences.
▪ But society should not expect those outside influences to do the job a parent should, nor should a parent expect that.
▪ The affable manager said no, it was simply a style of cooking open to outside influences, like California cuisine.
▪ As a result of these outside influences, employees have even less trust in their own plant management. 4.
interest
▪ It is desperately important to have an outside interest if you're in politics.
▪ His primary outside interest is golf, though he disparages his 15 handicap.
▪ Now Martin is looking forward to spending his retirement enjoying outside interests which will include travelling, walking and watching cricket.
▪ This would force campaigns to pay less attention to outside interests and more to the people at home.
▪ His outside interests were numerous and varied.
▪ Making a mental note not to let outside interests interfere with her work, she began to inject the puppies.
▪ Some of his many outside interests include reading, theatre and debating.
▪ Although it started off as a school project, the spider catcher has attracted a lot of outside interest.
interference
▪ The skill becomes increasingly resistant to stress influences and can be continued despite outside interference.
▪ They are expected suddenly to adapt to the modern world after a century of colonial domination and outside interference.
▪ I remember resenting even this slender evidence of outside interference.
▪ Again it's cheap, and offers the least resistance to outside interference.
investor
▪ Yet most countries now have rules against insider dealing, not least because it can put outside investors off securities markets.
▪ The business community rallied to him for fear that Duke's election would scare off tourism and outside investors.
▪ Lehman has already raised the possibility of a capital injection by issuing new shares to outside investors.
lane
▪ Voice over On the M40, our police driver struggles to keep up with a car in the outside lane.
▪ Allan was allowed in as a guest in the 200 metres, but was given the outside lane.
▪ She was waiting in the outside lane of a busy road in St Helens to turn right when the accident happened.
▪ In Sunday's final we were drawn in the outside lane.
▪ At worst they see the future as two motorway lanes blocked with slow lorries with just the outside lane for the car driver.
▪ In the final, I again had a good outside lane, which was important on this very tight 164 metres track.
observer
▪ As an outside observer drawn into the Statementing process by the professionals involved, I had a neutral but not disinterested role.
▪ Its history has come down to us only through oral traditions, archaeological research and the accounts of occasional outside observers.
▪ But it is not only the system's legitimacy with outside observers and the general public which is important.
▪ Although Bowman was nominal Captain on this phase of the mission, no outside observer could have deduced the fact.
▪ Two such distinct behaviours can at times be observed, either by the participant himself or by an outside observer.
▪ But outside observers have been sharply scaling back their estimates.
▪ At the Centre Mondial, it looks to the outside observer as if the problem is reversed.
▪ To the outside observer it offers every conceivable pattern of life, from the most archaic to the most modern and urban.
pressure
▪ Yet its value can change with frightening speed, depending on such unpredictable outside pressures as interest rates and recession.
▪ Furthermore, the very notion of self-determination implies the need to exclude any outside pressure on a country.
▪ Moreover, club directors were tolerably insulated from outside pressure.
▪ I put enough pressure on myself without having outside pressures as well.
▪ Most people think of stress as the outside pressures and problems that impinge upon them.
▪ It may be that you are happy with your partner but there are outside pressures to contend with.
▪ But even these demonstrated that the dynamics of change were largely generated by outside pressures and not by self-starting entrepreneurship.
▪ However, the local Kurds and outside pressure groups claim that the Ilisu dam would inundate much of the area including Hasankeyf.
source
▪ We can only know the truth about ourselves from an outside source.
▪ Once the dictionary was available, society gained in cohesion because anyone could refer to it as an outside source for comparison.
▪ Local authorities have always relied upon outside sources for many of the goods and services they require.
▪ An outside source gives part credit to a writer named John Hart, who worked for Abbott and Costello.
▪ In conducting this review the University has taken into account the feasibility of raising the necessary funding from outside sources.
▪ Local districts began turning to outside sources.
▪ It has never turned to outside sources of capital.
▪ An obvious route to reducing dependence on outside sources is to become more self-sufficient.
wall
▪ The wall should be a load-bearing wall preferably an outside wall.
▪ This raises questions / concerns about installing new kitchen cabinets that will have their own back resting against the outside wall.
▪ The first phase of the current project, now under way, is to clean and consolidate the outside walls.
▪ Hornaday winds up sliding into the outside wall.
▪ The old gallery will be found on the first floor of the house; previously on an outside wall facing East.
▪ For the outside walls, he used cinder-block masonry, with a patented concrete stucco sprayed on.
▪ It can leave the Tower if driven out in this way, but it must stay close to the outside walls.
▪ However, the newer systems can be installed anywhere you can get a flue to the outside wall.
work
▪ Psychosocial factors at work and outside work also predicted rates of sickness absence.
▪ Possibly he supplemented his income with some part-time outside work.
▪ Within and outside work people find their lives shaped by this relationship which creates much of the inequality in society.
▪ It's just that I'd like to be doing more outside work.
▪ Orkney, with its short summer season when almost all the outside work was tackled, preferred the winter period for training.
▪ What interests do you have outside work?
world
▪ The whole place seemed designed to produce, not goods for the outside world, but misery for the inmates.
▪ The elements of the outside world that might have once detained her by now have been relegated to the past.
▪ I hope so, because residential homes are places where people become cut off from family life and the outside world.
▪ Democracy of the shared class-room experience is the cradle of democracy in the outside world.
▪ A particularly important role for the father is to act as an intermediary with the outside world.
▪ The only beneficial peculiarity of environment was the sense of detachment from the outside world.
▪ He is protected against the outside world.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Outside observers believe that the election was conducted fairly.
▪ an outside toilet
▪ Both sides say they are opposed to any outside interference in the conflict.
▪ The apartment is reached by an outside stairway.
▪ The government uses outside contractors for some of the work.
▪ There were seven applicants for the position, including three outside candidates.
▪ We plan to hire an outside design team to produce our brochures.
▪ When my dad was growing up, they only had an outside toilet.
▪ You reach the apartment by going up an outside staircase at the back of the building.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ In most cases allowances to members apply when the councillor attends such outside bodies.
▪ Investigators have concluded that outside influence drove numerous personnel decisions and resulted in slanted broadcasts.
▪ Steve Cooper was standing in an outside doorway of the building he owns in downtown Olympia.
III.noun
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ In some countries it is only permissible to pass on the outside.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Election officials check the signatures on the outside of the envelope against a master file of signatures.
▪ From the outside, the glass wall allows a lighted view of all three levels of the arena.
▪ It would also involve such measures as not purchasing a bag with a mobile phone holder prominently attached to the outside.
▪ Write a number on the outside of each box.
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Outside

Outside \Out"side`\, n.

  1. The external part of a thing; the part, end, or side which forms the external surface; that which appears, or is manifest; that which is superficial; the exterior.

    There may be great need of an outside where there is little or nothing within.
    --South.

    Created beings see nothing but our outside.
    --Addison.

  2. The part or space which lies beyond the external edge of a structure or beyond the boundary of an inclosure.

    I threw open the door of my chamber, and found the family standing on the outside.
    --Spectator.

  3. The furthest limit, as to number, quantity, extent, etc.; the utmost; as, it may last a week at the outside.

  4. One who, or that which, is without; hence, an outside passenger, as distinguished from one who is inside. See Inside, n. 3. [Colloq. Eng.]

  5. The part of the world not encompassed by or under control of an organization or institution; as, prisoners are not allowed to pass objects to persons on the outside; one may not discuss company secretes with anyone on the outside.

Outside

Outside \Out"side`\, a.

  1. Of or pertaining to the outside; external; exterior; superficial.

  2. Reaching the extreme or farthest limit, as to extent, quantity, etc.; as, an outside estimate. [Colloq.]

    Outside finish (Arch.), a term for the minor parts, as corner boards, hanging stiles, etc., required to complete the exterior of a wooden building; -- rare in masonry.

Outside

Outside \Out"side`\, adv. or prep. On or to the outside (of); without; on the exterior; as, to ride outside the coach; he stayed outside.

Related phrases:
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
outside

c.1500, "outer side," from out + side (n.). The adjective is attested from 1630s; the preposition from 1826; the adverb from 1813. Phrase outside of "with exception of" is from 1859.

Wiktionary
outside

a. 1 Of or pertaining to the outer surface, limit or boundary. 2 Of, pertaining to or originating from beyond the outer surface, limit or boundary. 3 (context baseball of a pitch English) away (gloss: far) from the batter as it crosses home plate. 4 Reaching the extreme or farthest limit, as to extent, quantity, etc. adv. 1 (rfc-sense) On or towards the outside. 2 outdoors. n. 1 The part of something that faces out; the outer surface. 2 The external appearance of something. 3 The space beyond some limit or boundary. 4 The furthest limit, as to number, quantity, extent, etc. 5 (context dated UK colloquial English) A passenger riding on the outside of a coach or carriage. prep. 1 (rfc-sense) On the outside of. 2 near, but not in. 3 (context usually with “of” English) except, apart from.

Related phrases:
WordNet
outside

  1. adj. relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit; "an outside margin" [ant: inside]

  2. coming from the outside; "extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph"; "relying upon an extraneous income"; "disdaining outside pressure groups" [syn: external, extraneous]

  3. originating or belonging beyond some bounds:"the outside world"; "outside interests"; "an outside job"

  4. located, suited for, or taking place in the open air; "outdoor clothes"; "badminton and other outdoor games"; "a beautiful outdoor setting for the wedding" [syn: outdoor(a), out-of-door] [ant: indoor(a)]

  5. functioning outside the boundaries or precincts of an organized unit; "extramural hospital care and treatment"; "extramural studies"

  6. leading to or from the outside; "an outside door" [syn: outside(a)]

  7. from or between other countries; "external commerce"; "international trade"; "developing nations need outside help" [syn: external, international, outside(a)]

  8. maximal in amount; "a maximal amount"; "an outside estimate" [syn: largest]

  9. very unlikely; "an outside chance"; "a remote possibility"; "a remote contingency" [syn: remote]

  10. on or toward an outer edge; "an outer lane"; "the outside lane"

  11. (of a baseball pitch) on the far side of home plate from the batter; "the pitch was away (or wide)"; "an outside pitch" [syn: away]

outside

  1. n. the region that is outside of something [syn: exterior] [ant: inside]

  2. the outer side or surface of something [syn: exterior] [ant: inside]

  3. adv. outside a building; "in summer we play outside" [syn: outdoors, out of doors, alfresco] [ant: inside, inside]

  4. on the outside; "outside, the box is black" [ant: inside]

Related phrases:
Wikipedia
Outside

Outside may refer to:

  • Wilderness
  • Outside (magazine), an outdoors magazine
  • Outside (film), a 2004 short film written and directed by Jenn Kao and starring Courtney Ford
  • Outside (2002 film), a 2002 film produced by Chris Bender
  • Outside, a book by Marguerite Duras
  • Outside (Alaska), any non-Alaska location, as referred to by Alaskans
Outside (George Michael song)

"Outside" is a song by George Michael, released on Epic Records in 1998. It was released on 19 October 1998 as the lead single from his 1998 greatest hits album Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael.

Outside (David Bowie song)
  1. redirect Outside (David Bowie album)
Outside (Staind song)

"Outside" is a single by the alternative metal band Staind. It is the second single released off their 2001 album Break the Cycle.

Outside (film)

Outside is a 2004 short film written and directed by Jenn Kao and starring Courtney Ford. The film won the Best Science Fiction/Fantasy Film award at the 2006 Comic-Con Independent Film Festival and a 2005 DGA Student Directing Award. The film has screened at over 30 film festivals worldwide.

Outside (magazine)

Outside is an American magazine focused on the outdoors. The first issue was published in September 1977. Its mission statement is "to inspire active participation in the world outside through award-winning coverage of the sports, people, places, adventure, discoveries, health and fitness, gear and apparel, trends and events that make up an active lifestyle."

Outside (David Bowie album)

1. Outside is a concept album first released 25 September 1995 by David Bowie on Virgin Records, and Bowie's nineteenth studio album. The album was Bowie's reunion with Brian Eno, whom Bowie had worked with most famously on his Berlin Trilogy in the 1970s. Subtitled "The Nathan Adler Diaries: A Hyper-cycle", Outside centres on the characters of a dystopian world on the eve of the 21st century. The album put Bowie back into the mainstream scene of rock music with its singles " The Hearts Filthy Lesson", " Strangers When We Meet", and " Hallo Spaceboy" (remixed by the Pet Shop Boys).

Outside (Alaska)

In the U.S. state of Alaska, Outside refers to any non-Alaska location. Though commonly used by Alaskans to refer to other U.S. states, it may also refer to international locations including Canada and Russia. The term has been in use since at least the beginning of the 20th century and is believed to be an adaptation of a similar Canadian term used in the northern portion of that country and referring to southern Canada. The expression is typically used in an adverbial phrase following some form of the word "go", but it is also used as a simple noun.

An early usage of the term is in Through the Yukon Gold Diggings, by Josiah Spurr, published in Boston in 1900. Usage continues today, particularly in publications away from Southcentral Alaska and Anchorage. The inverse of the term ("Inside") is infrequently used.

Outside (jazz)

In jazz improvisation, outside playing, describes an approach where one plays over a scale, mode or chord that is harmonically distant from the given chord. There are several common techniques to playing outside, that include side-stepping or side-slipping, superimposition of Coltrane changes, and polytonality.

Outside (Tapes n' Tapes album)

Outside is the third album from the Minneapolis-based band Tapes 'n Tapes, released on 11 January 2011.

Outside (O'Death album)

Outside is the fourth album by alternative country band O'Death.

Outside (Calvin Harris song)

"Outside" is a song by Scottish DJ and record producer Calvin Harris from his fourth studio album, Motion (2014). The song features English singer Ellie Goulding and was released on 20 October 2014 as the fourth single from the album. It marks the second collaboration between Harris and Goulding, following the internationally successful single " I Need Your Love" (2013). "Outside" is included on the deluxe edition of Goulding's third studio album, Delirium.

Outside (Shelly Manne album)

Outside is an album by drummer Shelly Manne recorded in 1969, and released on the Contemporary label. The album marks Manne's return to the label after seven years.

Outside (Foo Fighters song)

"Outside" is a song by American rock band Foo Fighters released in August 2015. It is the fifth official single and third radio single from their eighth studio album, Sonic Highways. The song marked a 30th appearance by the Foo Fighters on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart tying them with Green Day and Red Hot Chili Peppers for third-most appearances.

Related phrases:

Usage examples of "outside".

For you, only a few seconds will have gone past, but outside, the rest of the Commonwealth will have had enough time to build new basic cities and towns with a functioning infrastructure to accommodate you.

Outside, the happy and contented citizens of the accommodating world of New Riviera went about their daily concerns, unaware that in an ordinary hotel room not far from where they were walking and talking, a most unusual quartet was calmly discussing Armageddon.

Enron wanted to finance gas producers through off-books entities but needed outside money to meet the accounting rules.

When in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the concept of nation was taken up in very different ideological contexts and led popular mobilizations in regions and countries within and outside Europe that had experienced neither the liberal revolution nor the same level of primitive accumulation, it still always was presented as a concept of capitalist modernization, which claimed to bring together the interclass demands for political unity and the needs of economic development.

Esterases in the body break the drug down rapidly into acetylcholine, so it is also likely to be undetectable, unless the target happens to croak right outside a primo medical center with a very sharp pathologist who is looking for something out of the ordinary.

On the outside, John was the knight that she and her affluent, Catholic school girlfriends had been taught to want--the handsome, ambitious breadwinner, through whom they could vicariously be successes.

Her exoskeleton was as clearly artificial as dentures: alloplastic bone worn on the outside.

This was all they could allot between them, since Sextus was still occupying Sardinia and Sicily, and other regions outside of Italy were in a state of turmoil.

Hang outside the emergency room door and wait for our ambulance to show up?

The LCI gunboats have halted outside the reef over which amphtracs of Wave 2 are already crawling to begin their last dash through the lagoon.

He turned his back on me and again lifted one of the green slats and peered outside, letting in anarrow beam of light that angled across the patchy darkness of the office, and straight into my eyes.

People outside of Pennsylvania do not know that there is all the difference in the world between the two kinds of coal, and in the conditions under which anthracite and bituminous are mined.

When the emperor failed to perform his ablutions, the local dignitaries hovering in eager anticipation outside were so infuriated that they pulled the plug.

Far from requiring further tutelage and inspiration from the West, the Japanese now stand among the leaders in international architecture, and architecture has become an aspect of Japanese culture that has exerted great influence on the world outside Japan.

Venerable Bede was new-old: reinforced concrete buildings with precast columns, architraves, plinths, caryatids, and whatnot glued on the outside to simulate age.