Crossword clues for linenfold
Wikipedia
Linenfold (or linen fold) is a simple style of relief carving used to decorate wood panelling with a design "imitating window tracery", "imitating folded linen" or "stiffly imitating folded material". Originally from Flanders, the style became widespread across Northern Europe in the 14th to 16th centuries. The name was applied to the decorative style by antiquarian connoisseurs in the early 19th century; the contemporary name was apparently lignum undulatum ( Latin: "wavy wood"), Nathaniel Lloyd pointed out.
Wood panelling or wainscoting, almost always made from oak, became popular in Northern Europe from the 14th century, after European carpenters rediscovered the techniques to create frame and panel joinery. The framing technique was used from the 13th century onwards to clad interior walls, to form choir stalls, and to manufacture moveable and semi-moveable furniture, such as chests and presses, and even the back panels of joined chairs. Linenfold was developed as a simple technique to decorate the flat surfaces of the ubiquitous panels thus created.
The simplest linenfold style is "parchemin" (also known as " parchment fold"), a low relief carving formed like a sheet of paper or piece of linen folded in half and then spread out with the sharp centered fold running vertically, and the top and bottom running out to the corners of the panel, with something of the appearance of an opened book. This style of linenfold can be created using a plane and a pre-drawn pattern, with a little finishing chisel work required at each end. A stitched embroidered border could be counterfeited by the use of punches. More complicated styles resemble a sheet of fabric that has volute folds back and forth many times. Linenfold might be fielded, visually complete against a flat panel surface and contained within each panel, or it might provide the appearance of a continuous linenfold passing behind the stiles of the framing.
Carving linenfold decoration requires little carpentry skill or training, and it can be mass-produced by a semi-skilled workforce: the creased designs were run with a moulding plane; only top and bottom edges needed to be finished with a chisel. Significantly, linenfold had no prototype in architectural practice: the technique of the moulding plane is not applicable to stone-cutting. Workshops were established by the later 15th century to cater to the developing market for inexpensively ceiled rooms, supplementing the more complicated, and more expensive, patterns of tracery used in the earliest interior panelling.
Regional variations quickly developed in England, France and Germany. The linenfold of France, Netherlands, and Germany "is carved with a sharper definition and greater delicacy than was usual in England", where an early linenfold panelling can be seen in the hall screen at Compton Wynyates. Linenfold started to fall out of fashion as Renaissance styles spread in the 16th century, replaced by fielded panels for simpler work, and more complicated "Roman" and higher relief carving, but linenfold continued to be used in less sophisticated surroundings well into the 17th century. In the 19th century, linenfold panelling reappeared in the revivals of the Gothic and Tudor styles.
Usage examples of "linenfold".
Wexford said, appreciating the linenfold panelling, the settles and the old mullioned glass in the windows.
Jo approached, ran her fingers slowly over the panels, carved in the linenfold design familiar since her childhood from the walls of the Lewis home.
Nearby stood a writing desk with linenfold paneling, a lectern fashioned like a two-tiered tower on a baluster support, and an X-framed chair.
Pipes had been led through the linenfold oak, wires through the beamed ceilings, and a telephone line through the oak planks of the floor.
The walls still boasted beautiful linenfold paneling and ornate candle brackets.
The afternoon sunlight spilled over the dark linenfold paneling of a chamber that bore a masculine aura as strong and austere as the man ensconced behind the desk.
Stephen, looking at the bare, formal arrangement of a large table set across, with some chairs and benches facing it, the walls clothed in the soberest linenfold oak: no pictures.
Italian plaster ceiling and linenfold paneling in both it and the sitting room.
There was a large dent in the linenfold paneling, where a heavy body had struck, and glancing up, I could see several burned spots in the ceiling, where shots had been fired into it.
There was an enormous fireplace at one end with seats on either side, and I noticed very fine linenfold around it.
After the first landing there was a light and the stairs were carpeted, and he came at last to a full stop before a handsome linenfold oak door.
The courtier was a bit obvious in his admiration of the dog and lion finials and linenfold panels that decorated this piece of oak and walnut furniture.
It took somewhat longer to find the catch to release the section of linenfold paneling so that it opened out into the room.
Vaguely I was aware of a room with heavy drapes at the windows, a highly polished wooden floor covered in rugs, tapestries and linenfold panelling.
Guy, having finally located the piece of fake linenfold panelling concealing the television, was sitting in front of it with a huge glass of whisky, trying to ignore the drama unfolding beside him.