Crossword clues for lamella
lamella
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Lamella \La*mel"la\, n.; pl. L. Lamell[ae], E. Lamellas. [L. lamella, dim. of lamina plate, leaf, layer: cf. F. lamelle. Cf. Lamina, Omelet.] a thin plate or scale of anything, as a thin scale growing from the petals of certain flowers; or one of the thin plates or scales of which certain shells are composed.
Wiktionary
n. 1 a thin, plate-like structure 2 (context mycology English) the gill of a mushroom.
WordNet
Wikipedia
A lamella, or gill, is a papery hymenophore rib under the cap of some mushroom species, most often but not always agarics. The gills are used by the mushrooms as a means of spore dispersal, and are important for species identification. The attachment of the gills to the stem is classified based on the shape of the gills when viewed from the side, while color, crowding and the shape of individual gills can also be important features. Additionally, gills can have distinctive microscopic or macroscopic features. For instance, Lactarius species typically seep latex from their gills.
It was originally believed that all gilled fungi were Agaricales, but as fungi were studied in more detail, some gilled species were demonstrated not to be. It is now clear that this is a case of convergent evolution (i.e. gill-like structures evolved separately) rather than being an anatomic feature that evolved only once. The apparent reason that various basidiomycetes have evolved gills is that it is the most effective means of increasing the ratio of surface area to mass, which increases the potential for spore production and dispersal.
Other groups of fungi to bear gills include:
- The genera Russula and Lactarius of the Russulales.
- Several genera in the Boletales, including Gomphidius and Chroogomphus as well as Tapinella atrotomentosa (which has been traditionally named Paxillus atrotomentosus) and other species in that genus, the False chanterelle ( Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca).
- Such polypore-like fungi such as Daedalea quercina, Daedaleopsis confragosa, Lenzites betulina and Gloeophyllum sepiarium.
Members of the two related genera of chanterelles, Cantharellus and Craterellus, have rudimentary lamellar structures which are sometimes referred to as "false gills". They are distinguished from "true gills" because the structure of the fertile surface (" hymenium") continues uninterrupted over the gill edge, so they are little more than folds, wrinkles or veins. The genus Gomphus also has false gills. These primitive lamellae indicate how the evolution towards true gills probably happened.
thumb|Lamellae on a gecko's foot. A lamella is a thin plate-like structure, often one amongst many lamellae very close to one another, with open space between. Aside from respiratory organs, they appear in other biological roles including filter feeding, the traction surfaces of geckos, and chloroplast membranes where high permeability is important.
In fish gills there are two types of lamellae, primary and secondary. The primary gill lamellae come out of the interbranchial septum to increase the contact area between the water and the blood capillaries. The secondary gill lamellae are small lamellae that come out of the primary ones and are used to further increase the contact area. Both types of lamellae are used to increase the amount of oxygen intake of the blood. Both types of lamellae contain huge amounts of capillaries and are the sites where the exchange of oxygen from the water and carbon dioxide from the blood occurs.
Lamellae may also refer to the concentric circles (concentric lamellae) around the central Haversian canals in the osteon of the bones.
A lamella (plural lamellae) is a small plate or flake, from the Latin, and may also be used to refer to collections of fine sheets of material held adjacent to one another, in a gill-shaped structure, often with fluid in between though sometimes simply a set of 'welded' plates. The term is used in biological and engineering contexts, such as filters and heat exchangers. The microscopic structures in bone and nacre are lamellae in the materials science sense of the word.
Lamella (plural lamellae) means a small plate or flake in Latin, and in English may refer to:
A lamella (plural, lamellae), in cell biology, is used to describe numerous plate or disc-like structures at both a tissue and cellular level.
An example of this begin an extension of a thylakoid within a chloroplast, linking a thylakoid within one granum to one in another. They are the sites of photosystem I. Simply put, lamellae may be considered as a pair of membranes containing chlorophyll.
Chloroplasts are characterized by a system of membranes embedded in a hydrophobic proteinaceous matrix, or stroma. The basic unit of the membrane system is a flattened single vesicle called the thylakoid; thylakoids stack into grana (sing, granum). All the thylakoids of a granum are connected with each other, and the grana are connected by intergranal lamellae.
It is placed between the two primary cell walls of two plant cells and made up of intracellular matrix. The lamella comprises a mixture of polygalacturons (D-galacturonic acid) and neutral carbohydrates. It is soluble in the pectinase enzyme.
A lamella, in cell biology, is also used to describe the leading edge of a motile cell, of which the lamellipodia is the most forward portion.
The lipid bilayer core of biological membranes, is also called lamellar phase. Thus, each bilayer of multilamellar liposomes and wall of a unilamellar liposome is also referred to as lamella.
Usage examples of "lamella".
Then he took a thin lamella of polished silver, of about eight inches long, and slowly pushed it down till it had entered deep down in the throat.
Judge Dee left his seat and stood next to the corpse while the coroner drew the lamella out again.
Whether administered in the form of the official lamella or by subcutaneous injection, physostigmine causes a contraction of the pupil more marked than in the case of any other known drug.
Dee left his seat and stood next to the corpse while the coroner drew the lamella out again.
Wheeled vehicles were not used and armour, made both of mail and lamellae, or small metal strips threaded by leather thongs, was worn not only by the contingents traditionally furnished by nobles and high-ranking officials at the New Year tournaments but also by cavalry and infantry when it met the Younghusband Mission in 1903-4.
The jacket had wing epaulets, sewn with metal lamellae to protect the shoulders from sword cuts.
Over this regalia he battened an armor of ridged lamellae in which he swaggered for half a day until the heat became unbearable and, rather irresponsibly, he abandoned his outer casing under a tree like some drab cicada reaching adulthood.
Some were garbed in fantastic armor, which had been wrought in the time since the fateful day of the Closingharnesses whose lamellae gleamed with the sheen of nacre or emerald, with the polish of lamplight flaring on snow, of starlight dancing on water, of moonlight imaged in ice or sunset reflected in steel.
The amount of iridium and the fact that some of the shocked quartz has double lamellae, however, more strongly argue for an extraterrestrial source.
As ossification proceeds, the cup-shaped cavities are converted into closed interstices of bone, with extremely thin lamellae, or layers.
The parallel lamellae of assimilating cells which grow from the upper surface of the leaf in these and some other mosses probably serve to retain water in the neighbourhood of the assimilating cells and so prolong their activity.
To an unschooled observer, Abe Sapien appears to segue into a coma state, respirating less than one breath per minute through the delicate lamellae of his gillwork.
Not for feedingit had no digestive system, fueling itself by pumping sulfiderich water through internal lamellae dense with symbiotic carbon-fixing symbiotic bacteriabut for attack.
The riders wore full armor of chain and splints, with lamellae protecting their arms and legs.
The mechanic cause is the presence of air between the lamellae of the affected parts, but their origin is unknown.