What is "vaccine"

Vaccine \Vac"cine\ (v[a^]k*s[=e]n" or v[a^]k"s[=e]n), n.

1. The virus of vaccinia used in vaccination.

2. any preparation used to render an organism immune to some disease, by inducing or increasing the natural immunity mechanisms. Prior to 1995, such preparations usually contained killed organisms of the type for which immunity was desired, and sometimes used live organisms having attenuated virulence. Since that date, preparations containing only specific antigenic portions of the pathogenic organism are also used, some of which are prepared by genetic engineering techniques.

3. (computers) a program designed to protect a computer from software viruses, by detecting and or eliminating them.

Vaccine \Vac"cine\ (v[a^]k"s[imac]n or v[a^]k"s[i^]n; 277), a. [L. vaccinus, fr. vacca a cow; cf. Skr. v[=a][,c] to bellow, to groan.]

1. Of or pertaining to cows; pertaining to, derived from, or caused by, vaccinia; as, vaccine virus; the vaccine disease.

2. of or pertaining to a vaccine or vaccination.

"matter used in vaccination," 1846, from French vaccin, noun use of adjective, from Latin vaccina, fem. of vaccinus "pertaining to a cow" (see vaccination). Related: Vaccinal; vaccinic.

n. (context immunology English) A substance given to stimulate the body's production of antibodies and provide immunity against a disease, prepared from the agent that causes the disease, or a synthetic substitute.

n. immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies [syn: vaccinum]

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing micro-organism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these micro-organisms that it later encounters. Vaccines can be prophylactic (example: to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by any natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (e.g., vaccines against cancer are also being investigated).

The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases;

• United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). A CDC framework for preventing infectious diseases. Accessed 11 September 2012. "Vaccines are our most effective and cost-saving tools for disease prevention, preventing untold suffering and saving tens of thousands of lives and billions of dollars in healthcare costs each year."
• American Medical Association (2000). Vaccines and infectious diseases: putting risk into perspective. Accessed 11 September 2012. "Vaccines are the most effective public health tool ever created."
• Public Health Agency of Canada. Vaccine-preventable diseases. Accessed 11 September 2012. "Vaccines still provide the most effective, longest-lasting method of preventing infectious diseases in all age groups."
• United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). NIAID Biodefense Research Agenda for Category B and C Priority Pathogens. Accessed 11 September 2012. "Vaccines are the most effective method of protecting the public against infectious diseases." widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available to prevent or contribute to the prevention and control of twenty-five infections.

The terms'' vaccine'' and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Edward Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 in the long title of his Inquiry into the...Variolae vaccinae...known...[as]...the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox. In 1881, to honour Jenner, Louis Pasteur proposed that the terms should be extended to cover the new protective inoculations then being developed.

The term Vaccine may refer to:

• Vaccine, a class of medication typically used in prevention of disease
• Vaccination, the process of administering a vaccine
• Vaccine (musician), aka Christine Clements, an electronic musician who works primarily within the dubstep genre
• Vaccine (journal), a medical journal
• The Vaccines, UK indie rock band
• "Vaccine", a song by the band Mew from their 2009 album No More Stories...

Vaccine is a peer-reviewed medical journal, published by Elsevier. It is targeted towards medical professionals who are interested in vaccines and vaccination. It describes itself as "an interface between academics, those in research and development, and workers in the field. Relevant topics range from basic research through to applications, safety and legislation."

Vaccine (Christine Clements) is a female dubstep record producer based in California, United States. She is the first female dubstep producer. She was the first woman signed to a label ( Hotflush Recordings) within, what was up until then, a genre whose producers were almost entirely male.

Before she started producing, she was promoting other people's music.

Vaccine's style has been recognised as being considerably more melodic and ethereal, with XLR8R magazine noting her 'subtle melodies and echoed vocals', as well as stating that '(Vaccine's) constructions aren’t necessarily main floor rave fodder, but rather, comedown music for a 6 a.m. all-back-to-mine', as well as mentioning 'jittery electronic elements with gothic ambient nuances'.

Clements is a self-described Skinny Puppy and Portishead fan. Her influences are " Nine Inch Nails, Dom & Roland, Skinny Puppy, The Prodigy, Technical Itch, Sasha and Digweed, Future Sound of London, Akira Yamaoka, Helios, Harold Budd, Surgeon, Zero 7, Portishead, Massive Attack, Tricky, friends, lovers, label mates, colors, sounds, places, feelings."

In 2014, she released the Decryption EP on ASC's label, Auxiliary Transmissions.