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Uruk

Uruk (Cuneiform: , UNUG; , ; Sumerian: Unug; Akkadian: Uruk; Aramaic/ Hebrew: ; , ) was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the dried-up, ancient channel of the Euphrates River, some 30 km east of modern As-Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq.

Uruk is the type site for the Uruk period. Uruk played a leading role in the early urbanization of Sumer in the mid 4th millennium BC. At its height c. 2900 BC, Uruk probably had 50,000–80,000 residents living in 6 km of walled area; making it the largest city in the world at the time. The legendary king Gilgamesh, according to the chronology presented in the Sumerian king list, ruled Uruk in the 27th century BC. The city lost its prime importance around 2000 BC, in the context of the struggle of Babylonia with Elam, but it remained inhabited throughout the Seleucid and Parthian periods until it was finally abandoned shortly before or after the Islamic conquest.

The site of Uruk was visited in 1849 by William Kennett Loftus who led the first excavations from 1850 to 1854. The Arabic name of Babylonia, al-ʿIrāq, is thought to be derived from the name Uruk, via Aramaic (Erech) and possibly Middle Persian (Erāq) transmission.

Uruk (disambiguation)

Uruk can refer to:

  • Uruk - a city in ancient Sumer
  • Uruk period - the archaeological culture or time period
  • Uruk-hai - the fictional creatures from J. R. R. Tolkien's writings
  • Uruk Sulcus - terrain on Ganymede
  • UrukDroid - Android distribution for Archos GEN8 devices

Usage examples of "uruk".

The Lizard man went first and then Uruk gave me a nod as might a commander in the field do to a subordinate officer.

I spoke directly to Uruk, since I was sure that he could mind-contact Tsali far better than my clumsy gestures.

Nor did I look behind to see if Uruk had followed, though once or twice I heard him expel his breath in a short grunt.

I heard Uruk chanting as he swung the ax, though the words I could not understand.

But Uruk, still holding Crytha and the ax, while Tsali and I stood ready to defend the door, looked about him as might a man who knew very well what he should do.

When, at last, we came to the end of a final, long passage and Uruk pressed his hands here and there on the wall, she was near awake, knowing me and Tsali, though she seemed uneasy with Uruk.

I was right, for when sword and belt fell from me, I could step over them to the same cliff edge as Uruk had done.

But Lord Kyllan, with Imhar at his shoulder, moved forward to face Uruk and me.

Kyllan broke in then, and I believed he still looked at Uruk with small favor and more suspicion.

Among the first rank sat Uruk, his ax across his knees, with never one hand nor the other far from it.

And, when, at last, the ground was under our feet, Uruk turned sharply away from the scene of our struggle.

While those about and behind us were muttering, watching Uruk with unbelieving eyes.

Ice Tongue slipped through my hand even as the full force of that hate which moved the enemy switched from Uruk at last, to beat at me, an unseen weapon worse than any forged steel.

But I saw Uruk swing the ax once more, slicing through what was left of his bonds.

The will of the sorcerer might be aimed principally at Uruk, but some of his compulsion spilled into my mind, churned and obscured my thoughts.