What is "to break up"

Break \Break\ (br[=a]k), v. t. [imp. broke (br[=o]k), (Obs. Brake); p. p. Broken (br[=o]"k'n), (Obs. Broke); p. pr. & vb. n. Breaking.] [OE. breken, AS. brecan; akin to OS. brekan, D. breken, OHG. brehhan, G. brechen, Icel. braka to creak, Sw. braka, br["a]kka to crack, Dan. br[ae]kke to break, Goth. brikan to break, L. frangere. Cf. Bray to pound, Breach, Fragile.]

1. To strain apart; to sever by fracture; to divide with violence; as, to break a rope or chain; to break a seal; to break an axle; to break rocks or coal; to break a lock.
   --Shak.

2. To lay open as by breaking; to divide; as, to break a package of goods.

3. To lay open, as a purpose; to disclose, divulge, or communicate.

   Katharine, break thy mind to me.
   --Shak.

4. To infringe or violate, as an obligation, law, or promise.

   Out, out, hyena! these are thy wonted arts . . . To break all faith, all vows, deceive, betray.
   --Milton

5. To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to dissolve or terminate; as, to break silence; to break one's sleep; to break one's journey.

   Go, release them, Ariel; My charms I'll break, their senses I'll restore.
   --Shak.

6. To destroy the completeness of; to remove a part from; as, to break a set.

7. To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into disorder; to pierce; as, the cavalry were not able to break the British squares.

8. To shatter to pieces; to reduce to fragments.

   The victim broke in pieces the musical instruments with which he had solaced the hours of captivity.
   --Prescott.

9. To exchange for other money or currency of smaller denomination; as, to break a five dollar bill.

10. To destroy the strength, firmness, or consistency of; as, to break flax.

11. To weaken or impair, as health, spirit, or mind.

    An old man, broken with the storms of state.
    --Shak.

12. To diminish the force of; to lessen the shock of, as a fall or blow.

    I'll rather leap down first, and break your fall.
    --Dryden.

13. To impart, as news or information; to broach; -- with to, and often with a modified word implying some reserve; as, to break the news gently to the widow; to break a purpose cautiously to a friend.

14. To tame; to reduce to subjection; to make tractable; to discipline; as, to break a horse to the harness or saddle. ``To break a colt.''
    --Spenser.

    Why, then thou canst not break her to the lute?
    --Shak.

15. To destroy the financial credit of; to make bankrupt; to ruin.

    With arts like these rich Matho, when he speaks, Attracts all fees, and little lawyers breaks.
    --Dryden.

16. To destroy the official character and standing of; to cashier; to dismiss. I see a great officer broken. --Swift. Note: With prepositions or adverbs: To break down.

    1. To crush; to overwhelm; as, to break down one's strength; to break down opposition.

    2. To remove, or open a way through, by breaking; as, to break down a door or wall. To break in.

       1. To force in; as, to break in a door.

       2. To train; to discipline; as, a horse well broken in. To break of, to rid of; to cause to abandon; as, to break one of a habit. To break off.

          1. To separate by breaking; as, to break off a twig.

          2. To stop suddenly; to abandon. ``Break off thy sins by righteousness.'' --Dan. iv. 27. To break open, to open by breaking. ``Open the door, or I will break it open.'' --Shak. To break out, to take or force out by breaking; as, to break out a pane of glass. To break out a cargo, to unstow a cargo, so as to unload it easily. To break through.

             1. To make an opening through, as, as by violence or the force of gravity; to pass violently through; as, to break through the enemy's lines; to break through the ice.

             2. To disregard; as, to break through the ceremony. To break up.

                1. To separate into parts; to plow (new or fallow ground). ``Break up this capon.''
                   --Shak. ``Break up your fallow ground.''
                   --Jer. iv. 3.

                2. To dissolve; to put an end to. ``Break up the court.'' --Shak. To break (one) all up, to unsettle or disconcert completely; to upset. [Colloq.] Note: With an immediate object: To break the back.

                   1. To dislocate the backbone; hence, to disable totally.

                   2. To get through the worst part of; as, to break the back of a difficult undertaking. To break bulk, to destroy the entirety of a load by removing a portion of it; to begin to unload; also, to transfer in detail, as from boats to cars. To break a code to discover a method to convert coded messages into the original understandable text. To break cover, to burst forth from a protecting concealment, as game when hunted. To break a deer or To break a stag, to cut it up and apportion the parts among those entitled to a share. To break fast, to partake of food after abstinence. See Breakfast. To break ground.

                      1. To open the earth as for planting; to commence excavation, as for building, siege operations, and the like; as, to break ground for a foundation, a canal, or a railroad.

                      2. Fig.: To begin to execute any plan.

    3. (Naut.) To release the anchor from the bottom.

       To break the heart, to crush or overwhelm (one) with grief.

       To break a house (Law), to remove or set aside with violence and a felonious intent any part of a house or of the fastenings provided to secure it.

       To break the ice, to get through first difficulties; to overcome obstacles and make a beginning; to introduce a subject.

       To break jail, to escape from confinement in jail, usually by forcible means.

       To break a jest, to utter a jest. ``Patroclus . . . the livelong day breaks scurril jests.''
       --Shak.

       To break joints, to lay or arrange bricks, shingles, etc., so that the joints in one course shall not coincide with those in the preceding course.

       To break a lance, to engage in a tilt or contest.

       To break the neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck.

       To break no squares, to create no trouble. [Obs.]

       To break a path, road, etc., to open a way through obstacles by force or labor.

       To break upon a wheel, to execute or torture, as a criminal by stretching him upon a wheel, and breaking his limbs with an iron bar; -- a mode of punishment formerly employed in some countries.

       To break wind, to give vent to wind from the anus.

       Syn: To dispart; rend; tear; shatter; batter; violate; infringe; demolish; destroy; burst; dislocate.

Break \Break\ (br[=a]k), v. i.

1. To come apart or divide into two or more pieces, usually with suddenness and violence; to part; to burst asunder.

2. To open spontaneously, or by pressure from within, as a bubble, a tumor, a seed vessel, a bag.

   Else the bottle break, and the wine runneth out.
   --Math. ix. 17.

3. To burst forth; to make its way; to come to view; to appear; to dawn.

   The day begins to break, and night is fled.
   --Shak.

   And from the turf a fountain broke, and gurgled at our feet.
   --Wordsworth.

4. To burst forth violently, as a storm.

   The clouds are still above; and, while I speak, A second deluge o'er our head may break.
   --Dryden.

5. To open up; to be scattered; to be dissipated; as, the clouds are breaking.

   At length the darkness begins to break.
   --Macaulay.

6. To become weakened in constitution or faculties; to lose health or strength.

   See how the dean begins to break; Poor gentleman! he droops apace.
   --Swift.

7. To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or grief; as, my heart is breaking.

8. To fall in business; to become bankrupt.

   He that puts all upon adventures doth oftentimes break, and come to poverty.
   --Bacn.

9. To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change the gait; as, to break into a run or gallop.

10. To fail in musical quality; as, a singer's voice breaks when it is strained beyond its compass and a tone or note is not completed, but degenerates into an unmusical sound instead. Also, to change in tone, as a boy's voice at puberty.

11. To fall out; to terminate friendship. To break upon the score of danger or expense is to be mean and narrow-spirited. --Collier. Note: With prepositions or adverbs: To break away, to disengage one's self abruptly; to come or go away against resistance. Fear me not, man; I will not break away. --Shak. To break down.

    1. To come down by breaking; as, the coach broke down.

    2. To fail in any undertaking; to halt before successful completion; as, the negotiations broke down due to irreconcilable demands.

    3. To cease functioning or to malfunction; as, the car broke down in the middle of the highway. He had broken down almost at the outset. --Thackeray. To break forth, to issue; to come out suddenly, as sound, light, etc. ``Then shall thy light break forth as the morning.'' --Isa. lviii. 8; Note: often with into in expressing or giving vent to one's feelings. ``Break forth into singing, ye mountains.'' --Isa. xliv. 23. To break from, to go away from abruptly. This radiant from the circling crowd he broke. --Dryden. To break into, to enter by breaking; as, to break into a house. To break in upon, to enter or approach violently or unexpectedly. ``This, this is he; softly awhile; let us not break in upon him.'' --Milton. To break loose.

       1. To extricate one's self forcibly. ``Who would not, finding way, break loose from hell?''
          --Milton.

       2. To cast off restraint, as of morals or propriety. To break off.

          1. To become separated by rupture, or with suddenness and violence.

          2. To desist or cease suddenly. ``Nay, forward, old man; do not break off so.'' --Shak. To break off from, to desist from; to abandon, as a habit. To break out.

             1. To burst forth; to escape from restraint; to appear suddenly, as a fire or an epidemic. ``For in the wilderness shall waters break out, and stream in the desert.''
                --Isa. xxxv. 6

             2. To show itself in cutaneous eruptions; -- said of a disease.

       3. To have a rash or eruption on the akin; -- said of a patient. To break over, to overflow; to go beyond limits. To break up.

          1. To become separated into parts or fragments; as, the ice break up in the rivers; the wreck will break up in the next storm.

          2. To disperse. ``The company breaks up.'' --I. Watts. To break upon, to discover itself suddenly to; to dawn upon. To break with.

             1. To fall out; to sever one's relations with; to part friendship. ``It can not be the Volsces dare break with us.''
                --Shak. ``If she did not intend to marry Clive, she should have broken with him altogether.''
                --Thackeray.

             2. To come to an explanation; to enter into conference; to speak. [Obs.] ``I will break with her and with her father.''
                --Shak.