Wikipedia
Tanam or Taanam (pronounced tānam) is one of the methods of raga improvisation (manodharma) in Carnatic Classical Music tradition, suited mainly for vocal music, Violin and Veena.
It consists of improvising a particular raga with repetition of syllables from the phrase "Ananta Anandam Ta" ( Means "Oh Lord, Give me happiness"). Use of rhythmic pulse has an important place in taanam exposition, and the singer is sometimes joined by the mridangam artist, since this is said to enhance the effect of the performance. The tradition of mridangam artist accompanying during tanam is usually credited to the custom of Kerala based carnatic musicians.
There are various tanams like Chakra Tanam, Vakra Tanam, Aja Tanam, Gaja Tanam, Markata Tanam, Vadhya Tanam etc.
Tanam is the second part of a Raagam Taanam Pallavi, and comes immediately after the raga is sung but before the pallavi is about to begin. Among these three modes, tanam is rarely sung very elaborately when compared to raga and pallavi, the reason usually cited for this being that tanam singing requires a lot of physical stamina, sound knowledge of the fundamentals of classical music, good practice and experience.
In Violin and Veena solo concerts, however, tanam is almost always performed as part of the main piece.
Tanam singing is regarded as a dying art today with musicians not having the patience or the aptitude to take up such scholarly rigorous pursuits.