What is "sima"

Sima \Si"ma\, n. (Arch.) A cyma.

Etymology 1 n. (context architecture English) The upturned edge of a roof which acts as a gutter; a cyma. Etymology 2

n. (context geology English) The lower layer of the earth's outer crust that underlies the sial and is rich in silica, iron, and magnesium.

n. rock that form the continuous lower layer of the earth's crust; rich in silicon and magnesium

Sima (, ) is a Chinese family name. It is one of the rare two-character Chinese family names; most Chinese family names consist of only a single- character. It is an occupation name, literally meaning "control" (sī) "horses" (mǎ); in a similar way as the surname Marshall is derived from the Frankish: "mare" (horse) + "skalkoz" (master). The surname originated from one of the offices of the Three Excellencies of the Zhou Dynasty. The name has also been anglicized as "Sma".

Sima was originally mead, an alcoholic beverage produced by brewing a solution of honey and water. Nowadays the honey is usually replaced mostly or entirely by different kinds of sugar and there is only a very low alcohol content due to limited fermentation. Sima is nowadays therefore a sweet sparkling brew that is mainly seasonal and connected with the Finnish Vappu festival. It is usually spiced by adding both the flesh and rind of a lemon. During secondary fermentation, raisins are added to control the amount of sugars and to act as an indicator of readiness for consumption — they will swell by absorbing carbon dioxide and rise to the top of the bottle when the drink is ready. Sima is usually accompanied by a munkki (donut), a tippaleipä (a special Vappu funnel cake), or a rosetti ( rosette).

Sima's ingredients include lemon, active dry yeast, and raisins. Sugar is added as brown sugar, white sugar, honey or some combination of them. Hops are also called for in some recipes. The concoction of water and the lemon and sugars are mixed, boiled, and cooled to room temperature. The yeast is added and the mixture left to stand overnight. Then it is carefully decanted into bottles and a few raisins are added to each bottle.

The sima will be ready to drink when the raisins rise to the top of the bottles, about three to seven days depending on the temperature of the room where they are stored. It is usually served chilled. Usually, the alcohol content is low and the drink is suitable for children. Carbonation is produced by the yeast, and the drink is traditionally cloudy and not clarified or filtered. Because of this, traditional sima is a fresh product that does not store for long because fermentation may continue in a bottle and the alcoholicity may rise.

A commercial and possibly foreign cheap "sima" is produced by mixing apple wine, grape juice and flavor with carbonated water; this doesn't produce the soft flavor of traditional fermented sima.

Servicios Industriales de la Marina S.A. (Shipyard Marine Industrial Services), well known as SIMA or SIMA PERU S.A., is a Peruvian shipyard that operates as a state owned company established under private law in 1950 pursuing the activities of the former Naval Factory founded in 1845, and continually extending its operational capacity, first to the shipbuilding which SIMA pioneered in South America and then to the greatest metalworking structures manufacture, contributing to the defense and socio-economic development of Peru. The SIMA principally serve the Navy of Peru as well as domestic and foreign private clients through a wide range of products.

In geology, sima is the name for the lower layer of the Earth's crust. This layer is made of rocks rich in magnesium silicate minerals. Typically when the sima comes to the surface it is basalt, so sometimes this layer is called the 'basalt layer' of the crust. The sima layer is also called the 'basal crust' or 'basal layer' because it is the lowest layer of the crust. Because the ocean floors are mainly sima, it is also sometimes called the ' oceanic crust'.

The name 'sima' was taken from the first two letters of silica and of magnesium. Comparable is the name ' sial' which is the name for the upper layer of the Earth's continental crust.

In classical architecture, a sima is the upturned edge of a roof which acts as a gutter. Sima comes from the Greek simos, meaning bent upwards.

Sima (Persian: سيما ) is a feminine name in use in Iran meaning " Feature." .

Sima is an official post from ancient China that first appears in texts dating from the Western Zhou dynasty and continued to be used during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period. Translated literally, it means "administrator of the horses." Owing to the fact that the power and responsibilities associated with the office changed somewhat throughout Chinese history, a variety of English translations for the term have been suggested. Originally it was a military post, in which sense the English terms ' marshal' and ' major' have been suggested.

During the Eastern Han dynasty the term ‘Grand Marshal' (Chinese: 大司馬; pinyin：dàsīmǎ) came to mean Minister of War, one of the Three Ducal Ministers serving directly under the emperor. In so doing it replaced the term 'Grand Commandant' (Chinese: 太尉; pinyin: tàiwèi) which was used during the Western Han. This term had likewise replaced 'Grand Protector' (Chinese: 太保; pinyin: tàibǎo), an even older term for the office which had been used during the Zhou dynasty. This usage ended when Cao Cao eliminated the Three Ducal Ministers and replaced them with the position of Imperial Chancellor in 208 AD.