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Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
protocol
noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
standard
▪ The patients were examined by clinicians using standard protocols and data-collection forms.
▪ In sum, middleware acts as an integrator for the various standard protocols already in use, or soon to be available.
▪ Chimaeric mice were generated by standard protocols.
▪ The various standard protocols allow all clients to communicate with all servers.
▪ There is a standard protocol, to ensure consistency between doctors and hospitals.
▪ The Computer Board has promulgated a policy for the network to use international standard protocols.
■ NOUN
network
▪ Its personal computer network protocol support is good but not the equal of Unix at its best.
▪ For a new network protocol one can easily form an address as the set of parameters necessary to retrieve the object.
▪ Under the new regime this should change with the choice of network protocol becoming irrelevant to the application.
study
▪ Results All patients completed the study protocol.
▪ The study protocols were approved by each institutions human subjects' protection committee.
▪ The study protocol was approved by the ethics research committee of Adelaide Children's Hospital.
▪ Informed consent was obtained from all patients and the study protocol approved by the Research Ethical Committees of the participating centres.
▪ The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of our hospital.
transfer
▪ How useful including this software is debatable since it has a limited range of file transfer protocols.
▪ From the central storage server, files can be accessed by any client computer offering TCP/IP and supporting either file transfer protocol.
▪ Paintbrush, drawing program; and Terminal, a basic communication program which supports Kermit or Xmodem file transfer protocols.
■ VERB
ratify
▪ Their purpose is to encourage countries to ratify the Kyoto protocol on reducing carbon emissions.
sign
▪ They signed a protocol on interim measures to establish peacekeeping forces and military observers.
▪ All three signed the Lisbon protocol, which obliges them to become non-nuclear.
▪ On Nov. 16, it signed a protocol with the government on co-operation in negotiating work contracts and pensions.
▪ Diplomatic relations were established with each state and he signed protocols on regular consultations at Foreign Minister level.
support
▪ From the central storage server, files can be accessed by any client computer offering TCP/IP and supporting either file transfer protocol.
▪ Other networks support, or will soon support, multiple protocols, including the Internet Protocol.
▪ They allow browser programmers to ignore the complex networking code necessary to support every firewall protocol and concentrate on important client issues.
▪ Some of the networks are based on the X. 25 telecommunications protocol supporting other protocols at higher layers.
use
▪ Many studies can be discounted since they have used unnatural smoking protocols, or basal or maximal gastric secretion as a plateau.
▪ The Computer Board has promulgated a policy for the network to use international standard protocols.
▪ The modem software is Bitcom, which allows file transfers using most popular protocols and fits the modems spec well.
▪ However, for various reasons, many researchers often use other protocols that do not comply with the model.
▪ Engineering is reportedly dictating the specifications and Sun could catch flak because they're using proprietary protocols.
▪ The patients were examined by clinicians using standard protocols and data-collection forms.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ According to protocol, he was to arrive at the meeting exactly five minutes early.
▪ the Montreal Protocol on greenhouse warming
▪ Touching the Queen was a breach of royal protocol.
▪ Under the new protocol, women will stay in the clinic for four hours to be watched for the appearance of new symptoms.
▪ What is the correct protocol when you meet the Queen?
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ A new protocol that purports to fix that convention is the latest example of gesture diplomacy.
▪ As the months unrolled, the protocols changed, becoming briefer and more efficient.
▪ Guidelines for weaning have consequently been included in the protocol, and some of the less severe side-effects are also included.
▪ I mean - some of these old ladies can be sticky about protocol.
▪ I soon learn the bicycle protocol.
▪ Maintenance of health in the long term depends on the management protocols which control the animals' welfare and staff access.
▪ The companies said they will share technology and develop a standard set of communication protocols.
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Protocol

Protocol \Pro"to*col\, v. i. To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue protocols.
--Carlyle.

Protocol

Protocol \Pro"to*col\, v. t. To make a protocol of.

Protocol

Protocol \Pro"to*col\, n. [F. protocole, LL. protocollum, fr. Gr. ? the first leaf glued to the rolls of papyrus and the notarial documents, on which the date was written; prw^tos the first (see Proto-) + ? glue.]

  1. The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch, or other instrument.
    --Burrill.

  2. The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.

  3. (Diplomacy)

    1. A preliminary document upon the basis of which negotiations are carried on.

    2. A convention not formally ratified.

    3. An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them at a particular stage of a negotiation.

  4. A strict code of etiquette for conduct of behavior among diplomatic or military personnel.

  5. A detailed plan for conduct of a scientific or medical experiment or procedure. A term used especially in conduct of medical research requiring approval of a regulatory agency.

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
protocol

1540s, as prothogall "draft of a document," from Middle French prothocole (c.1200, Modern French protocole), from Medieval Latin protocollum "draft," literally "the first sheet of a volume" (on which contents and errata were written), from Greek protokollon "first sheet glued onto a manuscript," from protos "first" (see proto-) + kolla "glue."\n

\nSense developed in Medieval Latin and French from "official account" to "official record of a transaction," to "diplomatic document," and finally, in French, to "formula of diplomatic etiquette." Meaning "diplomatic rules of etiquette" in English first recorded 1896, from French; general sense of "conventional proper conduct" is from 1952. "Protocols of the (Learned) Elders of Zion," Russian anti-Semitic forgery purporting to reveal Jewish plan for world domination, first published in English 1920 under title "The Jewish Peril."

Wiktionary
protocol

n. 1 (context now chiefly historical English) The minutes, or official record, of a negotiation or transaction; especially a document drawn up officially which forms the legal basis for subsequent agreements based on it. (from 15th c.) 2 (context international law now rare English) An official record of a diplomatic meeting or negotiation; later specifically, a draft document setting out agreements to be signed into force by a subsequent formal treaty. (from 17th c.) 3 (context international law English) An amendment to an official treaty. (from 19th c.) 4 The first leaf of a roll of papyrus, or the official mark typically found on such a page. (from 19th c.) 5 The official formulas which appeared at the beginning or end of certain official documents such as charters, papal bulls etc. (from 19th c.) 6 (context sciences English) The original notes of observations made during an experiment; also, the precise method for carrying out or reproducing a given experiment. (from 19th c.) 7 The official rules and guidelines for head of state and other dignitaries, governing accepted behaviour in relations with other diplomatic representatives or over affairs of state. (from 19th c.) 8 (qualifier: by extension) An accepted code of conduct; acceptable behaviour in a given situation or group. (from 20th c.) 9 (context computing English) A set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network. (from 20th c.) 10 (context medicine English) The set of instructions allowing a licensed medical professional to start, modify, or stop a medical or patient care order. (from 20th c.) vb. 1 (context obsolete transitive English) To make a protocol of. 2 (context obsolete intransitive English) To make or write protocols, or first drafts; to issue protocols.

WordNet
protocol
  1. n. (computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data [syn: communications protocol]

  2. forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of state

  3. code of correct conduct; "safety protocols"; "academic protocol"

Wikipedia
Protocol

Protocol may refer to:

Protocol (diplomacy)

In international politics, protocol is the etiquette of diplomacy and affairs of state. It may also refer to an international agreement that supplements or amends a treaty.

A protocol is a rule which describes how an activity should be performed, especially in the field of diplomacy. In diplomatic services and governmental fields of endeavor protocols are often unwritten guidelines. Protocols specify the proper and generally accepted behavior in matters of state and diplomacy, such as showing appropriate respect to a head of state, ranking diplomats in chronological order of their accreditation at court, and so on. One definition is:

Protocol is commonly described as a set of international courtesy rules. These well-established and time-honored rules have made it easier for nations and people to live and work together. Part of protocol has always been the acknowledgment of the hierarchical standing of all present. Protocol rules are based on the principles of civility.—Dr. P.M. Forni on behalf of the International Association of Protocol Consultants and Officers.

Protocol (film)

Protocol is a 1984 American comedy film starring Goldie Hawn and Chris Sarandon, written by Buck Henry, and directed by Herbert Ross. Hawn plays a Washington, D.C., cocktail waitress who prevents the assassination of a visiting Arab emir and winds up a national heroine.

Protocol (object-oriented programming)

In object-oriented programming, a protocol or interface is a common means for unrelated objects to communicate with each other. These are definitions of methods and values which the objects agree upon in order to co-operate.

For example, in Java (where protocols are termed interfaces), the Comparable interface specifies a method compareTo which implementing classes should implement. This means that a separate sorting method, for example, can sort any object which implements the Comparable interface, without having to know anything about the inner nature of the class (except that two of these objects can be compared by means of compareTo ).

The protocol is a description of:

  1. The messages that are understood by the object.
  2. The arguments that these messages may be supplied with.
  3. The types of results that these messages return.
  4. The invariants that are preserved despite modifications to the state of an object.
  5. The exceptional situations that will be required to be handled by clients to the object.

If the objects are fully encapsulated then the protocol will describe the only way in which objects may be accessed by other objects.

Some programming languages provide explicit language support for protocols or interfaces ( Ada, C#, D, Dart, Delphi, Java, Logtalk, Object Pascal, Objective-C, PHP, Racket, Seed7, Swift). In C++ interfaces are known as abstract base classes and implemented using pure virtual functions. The object-oriented features in Perl also support interfaces.

Although the Go programming language is not generally considered an object-oriented language, it does allow methods to be defined on user-defined types. Go has "interface" types that are compatible with any type that supports a given set of methods (the type does not need to explicitly implement the interface). The empty interface, interface{}, is compatible with all types.

Note that functional programming and distributed programming languages have a concept which is also called a protocol, but whose meaning is subtly different (i.e. a specification of allowed exchanges of messages, emphasis on exchanges, not on messages). This difference is due to somewhat different assumptions of functional programming and object-oriented programming paradigms. In particular, the following are also considered as part of a protocol in these languages:

  1. The allowed sequences of messages,
  2. Restrictions placed on either participant in the communication,
  3. Expected effects that will occur as the message is handled.

Type classes in languages like Haskell are used for many of the things that protocols are used for.

Protocol (politics)

Protocol can mean any logbook or other artifact (forged or authentic) of a political meeting between persons from different nations. The most notorious example of a forged logbook is " The Protocols of the Elders of Zion".

In international law, a treaty that supplements or adds to a pre-existing treaty is often given a name that includes "Protocol" in its title. For example, the Kyoto Protocol was supplemental to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; Protocol I, Protocol II, and Protocol III supplement the 1949 Geneva Conventions; and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women is supplemented by an Optional Protocol.

Category:Political terminology

Protocol (band)

Protocol were a British pop group, who were formed in 2005. They were produced by Mike Peden. They consisted of:

The five-piece, who had been honing their craft since meeting four years earlier, ran their own club night, Vanity, in London. Protocol also toured with New Order, Fisherspooner, The Bravery, Hard-Fi and played the Wireless and V Festivals. The band were signed to Polydor Records, but were dropped in April 2006, although the band continued to tour before splitting up later that year.

Dominic Joseph, the drummer, went on to DJ and co-produce in Electro Duo Leatherhead, supporting Fatboy Slim, Chemical Brothers and Pete Tong, playing at Glasontbury Festival and Rockness Festival amongst others. and played drums for various artists including Lucie Silvas and Jamie Burke. Dominic is currently CEO & co-founder of the international Advertising Technology business, Captify.

Protocol (science)

In the natural sciences a protocol is a predefined written procedural method in the design and implementation of experiments. Protocols are written whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. Detailed protocols also facilitate the assessment of results through peer review. In addition to detailed procedures and lists of required equipment and instruments, protocols often include information on safety precautions, the calculation of results and reporting standards, including statistical analysis and rules for predefining and documenting excluded data to avoid bias. Protocols are employed in a wide range of experimental fields, from social science to quantum mechanics. Written protocols are also employed in manufacturing to ensure consistent quality.

Protocol (album)

Protocol is the début album/ EP from drummer/percussionist Simon Phillips. It was released in 1988 on the Music for Nations label, a company which had, at one time, bands such as Metallica and Slayer.

Of the release, Phillips calls it "a record of experimental observations" and goes on to say "It was a good feeling to have finally released my first solo CD, and although not what I had originally planned, it was a start to my solo career."

Allmusic's Robert Taylor gave the disc two and a half stars, saying that, although Phillips played all the instruments himself, "he is not competent enough on the guitar or keyboards to provide anything beyond atmosphere for his drum playing."

Usage examples of "protocol".

The new Emperor would not allow her to put duty above protocol, even though with the food riots and threats of whole species seceding from the Allegiancy Empire, her work was more critical than ever.

The website contained basic information about anthrax as well as particular ways to deal with this recent attack, including the protocol for opening mail, easy-to-access references, frequently asked questions, and updated information about the current test results, how to obtain your test results, and where additional individuals could be tested.

It was easily apparent that the security protocols that prevented her nanoprobes from interacting with anything but her own cybernetic implants had been severely damaged, as were the safety interlocks that stopped them from assimilating everything they found into the Borg Collective.

Youman explained that the standard treatment protocol for tes-ticular cancer was called BEP, a cocktail of three different drugs, bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin, and they were so toxic that the nurses wore radioactive protection when handling them.

Lesbian and gay novels have their own protocols, their own coming out layers, their own tackling of homophobia and so forth.

In some ways, he was the most powerful Hortator here, because the special psychological uniformity of the Invariants, the so-called Protocols of Sanity, ensured that all the populations of the Cities in Space would follow his lead.

She found early protocol drafts and correspondence between herself and Gordon Rudnick at Manicon Laboratories.

I told him that I was on the standard treatment protocol for testicular cancer with lung metastasis, BEP.

Da5id Meier, supreme hacker overlord, founding father of the Metaverse protocol, creator and proprietor of the world-famous Black Sun, has just suffered a system crash.

But like anything else in the Metaverse, this rule is nothing but a protocol, a convention that different computers agree to follow.

And, anyway, he thought, is it protocol for panellists to ask each other questions?

And while, theoretically, Silver-Gray protocol forbade the use of emotion-control programs, Phaethon tended to use some small glandular and parasympathetic regulators.

As soon as he was recruited, he went into training, which was operationally directed by Colonel Pardee, a former army officer, who led the small paramilitary unit known as Protocols and Procedures Section or Unit P.

As Henry Pennell came back into the hall from the second lab, briefcase in hand, his hopes of finding the sugar-binding protocol were dashed.

She felt Nimitz quivering in his carrier, shared his almost dazed response to the sensations flooding through him like some polychromatic roll of thunder that went on and on and on, and it was all she could do to carry through the instinct-level protocol for boarding a ship.