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Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
Poland

1560s, from Pole + land (n.). Related: Polander.

Gazetteer
Poland, NY -- U.S. village in New York
Population (2000): 451
Housing Units (2000): 202
Land area (2000): 0.535492 sq. miles (1.386917 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.006328 sq. miles (0.016390 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 0.541820 sq. miles (1.403307 sq. km)
FIPS code: 58937
Located within: New York (NY), FIPS 36
Location: 43.226178 N, 75.061521 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 13431
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Poland, NY
Poland
Poland, OH -- U.S. village in Ohio
Population (2000): 2866
Housing Units (2000): 1123
Land area (2000): 1.244349 sq. miles (3.222848 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 1.244349 sq. miles (3.222848 sq. km)
FIPS code: 63954
Located within: Ohio (OH), FIPS 39
Location: 41.024676 N, 80.612287 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 44514
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Poland, OH
Poland
Wikipedia
Poland

Poland ( ), officially the Republic of Poland (, ), is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, as well as the most populous post-communist member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions.

The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe. The Commonwealth ceased to exist in the years 1772–95, when its territory was partitioned among Prussia, the Russian Empire, and Austria. Poland regained its independence (as the Second Polish Republic) at the end of World War I, in 1918.

In September 1939, World War II started with the invasions of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (as part of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact). More than six million Polish citizens died in the war. In 1944, a Soviet-backed Polish Committee of National Liberation was formed and, after a falsified referendum in 1947, it took control of the country and Poland became a satellite state of the Soviet Union, as People's Republic of Poland. During the Revolutions of 1989 Poland's Communist government was overthrown and Poland adopted a new constitution establishing itself as a democracy. Despite the large number of casualties and destruction the country experienced during World War II, Poland managed to preserve much of its cultural wealth. There are 14 heritage sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage and 54 Historical Monuments and many objects of cultural heritage in Poland.

Since the beginning of the transition to a primarily market-based economy that took place in the early 1990s, Poland has achieved a "very high" ranking on the Human Development Index, as well as gradually improving economic freedom. Poland is a democratic country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life and a very high standard of living. Moreover, the country is visited by nearly 16 million tourists every year (2013), which makes it one of the most visited countries in the world. Poland is the sixth largest economy in the European Union and among the fastest rising economic states in the world. The country is the sole member nation of the European Union to have escaped a decline in GDP and in recent years. Furthermore, according to the Global Peace Index for 2014, Poland is one of the safest countries in the world to live in.

Poland (disambiguation)

Poland is a country in Central Europe.

Poland may also refer to:

Poland (novel)

Poland is a historical novel written by James A. Michener and published in 1983 detailing the times and tribulations of three Polish families (the Lubonski family, the Bukowski family, and the Buk family) across eight centuries, ending in the then-present day (1981).

Poland (album)

'Poland - The Warsaw Concert ' is the fifth live album and twenty-fourth overall of electronic music released by Tangerine Dream. It spent one week on the UK Albums Chart at number 90.

Poland (European Parliament constituency)

In European elections, the member state of Poland is subdivided into constituencies, in the same way as United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, France and Belgium. Unlike those countries, the number of seats in each subconstituency is not decided until after the election. Poland therefore is sometimes treated as a single constituency for purposes of reportage.

Poland (surname)

Poland is a surname in the English and German languages. In some cases the word is derived from Middle High German, in other cases it is an Anglicisation of French or Irish names.

Poland (sculpture)

Poland is a public art work by artist Mark di Suvero located at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The sculpture is an abstract form; it is installed on the lawn.

Usage examples of "poland".

Mikolajczyk also accepts that part of the decisions of the Crimea Conference which deals with the eastern frontiers of Poland.

Mikolajczyk an explanation as to whether he also accepts that part of the decisions of the Crimea Conference on Poland which deals with the eastern frontiers of Poland.

During these years Gombos paid a visit to Ankara and Warsaw with the aim to create with the help of Turkey and Poland a line of defense against the imperialistic threatening from the West and from the East.

Reichstag fire, the Roehm Blood Purge, the Anschluss with Austria, the surrender of Chamberlain at Munich, the occupation of Czechoslovakia, the attacks on Poland, Scandinavia, the West, the Balkans and Russia, the horrors of the Nazi occupation and of the concentration camps and the liquidation of the Jews.

Litvinov had proposed - as he had just a year before, after the Anschluss - a European conference, this time of France, Britain, Poland, Russia, Rumania and Turkey, which would join together to stop Hitler.

During the war years, while my father, a Zionist and anti-Fascist volunteer, was in the army, I was brought up by my maternal grandparents in a middling suburb of north-west London, part of the classical migratory route for Ashkenazi Jews who had come over from Russia and Poland and settled in east London in the early part of the century.

The only reason the Soviet Union occupied the eastern half of Poland was that the Polish state was internally bankrupt, the government had disintegrated, and the Ukrainians and Belorussians in Poland, cousins to their Soviet kindred, were left to the mercy of fate.

He had not wished to see the town and province of Bialystok given to Poland.

Poland and before Mussolini had tried to intervene, Adolf Hitler had taken his final decision and issued the decisive order that was to throw the planet into its bloodiest war.

Cemetery of Reconciliation, the Bundestag in Bonn and the Volkskammer in East Berlin officially recognized the western boundary of Poland, as established by international law, was extremely favorable to our enterprise.

Poland a chamberlain has the rank of adjutant-general, and the marquis calls himself general.

RUSSIA AND POLAND by Jacques Casanova de Seingalt MEMOIRS OF JACQUES CASANOVA de SEINGALT 1725-1798 SPANISH PASSIONS, Volume 6a--SPAIN THE MEMOIRS OF JACQUES CASANOVA DE SEINGALT THE RARE UNABRIDGED LONDON EDITION OF 1894 TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR MACHEN TO WHICH HAS BEEN ADDED THE CHAPTERS DISCOVERED BY ARTHUR SYMONS.

This law was initially identified by Rudolf Clausius, a German physicist who had been born in Poland, though Lord Kelvin had also had some input.

We invite and desire that the nobility, archbishops, bishops, abbeys, convents, seignories, magistrates, and inhabitants of the republic of Poland, on the road to Posnania, and beyond it, would repair in person or by deputies, in the course of this week, or as soon after as possible, to the Prussian head-quarters, there to treat with the commander-in-chief, or the commissary at war, for the delivery of forage and provisions for the subsistence of the army, to be paid for with ready money.

Sudeten Germans had fared tolerably well in the Czechoslovak state - certainly better than any other minority in the country and better than the German minorities in Poland or in Fascist Italy.