Wiktionary
n. (context biochemistry English) the process of transferring a phosphate group from a donor to an acceptor; often catalysed by enzymes.
WordNet
Wikipedia
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group (PO) to a molecule. Phosphorylation and its counterpart, dephosphorylation, turn many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity. Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification.
Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes. Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of March 2015, the MEDLINE database returns over 240,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation).
Usage examples of "phosphorylation".
As a result the models for the mechanism of LTP had to be revised to include an effect mediated through the phosphorylation of specific pre- and postsynaptic membrane proteins.
There are a number of membrane proteins which can be phosphorylated in this way, some postsynaptic, some presynaptic, and the enzymes responsible for catalysing the phosphorylation are known collectively as protein kinases.
Changes in the entry of calcium ions, or the phosphorylation of membrane constituents, or the activation of NMDA receptors, all seem plausible ways of bringing about a temporary change in the electrical properties of a cell, but what makes the change persist -what puts the L into LTP - should be the important question, if LTP is really to serve as a model for long-term memory.
So the changed phosphorylation of the synaptic membrane, which probably results in calcium entering the cell, must act as some sort of a signal to the DNA in the nucleus.
The gel at the right is an autoradiogram pattern after phosphorylation, derived from the one on the left.
Thinking of memory in terms of membrane phosphorylation and gene activation is fine during the working day, but in the evening over dinner, and in the night in bed, we remember other things in other ways, and effortlessly invoke social or psychological explanations for our conduct and that of others.
Ali, S M, Bullock, S, and Rose, S P R Phosphorylation of synaptic proteins in chick forebrain: changes with development and passive avoidance training.
A more detailed explanation of photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation can be found in Donald Voet and Judith G.
There are a number of membrane proteins which can be phosphorylated in this way, some postsynaptic, some presynaptic, and the enzymes responsible for catalysing the phosphorylation are known collectively as protein kinases.
Changes in the entry of calcium ions, or the phosphorylation of membrane constituents, or the activation of NMDA receptors, all seem plausible ways of bringing about a temporary change in the electrical properties of a cell, but what makes the change persist -what puts the L into LTP - should be the important question, if LTP is really to serve as a model for long-term memory.
The microvoltage of the phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate in the cells' chlorophyll tingles his fingersensors when he feels for it.
During memory formation, transmitter (dark arrow: glutamate) released from the presynaptic side interacts with receptor (II) on the postsynaptic side, resulting in phosphorylation of membrane proteins () by protein kinase C (PK) and entry of calcium (Ca).
Humans get their basic energy from plant food, either directly or indirectly, through a process called oxidative phosphorylation.