What is "nocebo"

n. (context pharmacology English) A substance which a patient experiences as harmful due to previous negative perception, but which is in fact pharmacologically (medicinally) inactive.

In medical and psychological research a nocebo is an inert substance or treatment that appears to cause an adverse effect on a patient or participant although it has no known biological effect. This adverse effect has been called a nocebo effect. The term derives from placebo, which is a treatment used as a control condition, usually paired with one or more treatments that are being tested for their effects. Placebos sometimes induce a beneficial effect, such as a relief from pain, and such an effect is called a "placebo effect". One speaks of the nocebo effect if the control treatment induces an adverse effect (for example, the participant or patient feels ill). This nocebo effect is relatively uncommon and poorly understood.

Both nocebo and placebo effects are presumably psychogenic. Rather than being caused by the physiological effect of the treatment, these reactions appear to result from a patient's expectations and perceptions of how the treatment will affect them. However, though they have a psychological origin, both nocebos and placebos may produce measurable physiological changes.

Nocebo is the fifth album by Finnish thrash metal band Stam1na. It was released on February 8, 2012. The album name refers to a harmful reaction after taking a supposed placebo. The album was composed mainly by Antti Hyyrynen and Pekka Olkkonen along with Kai-Pekka Kangasmäki, who made his composing début on their prior album called Viimeinen Atlantis, only this time composing two songs.

The lyrics were written by Hyyrynen, apart from "Tavastia palamaan!" which was by Finnish rap-artist Mariska. This was the first time Stam1na used an outside writer.

Stam1na also included a song in English, titled "Nomad", their first non-Finnish song since their early demo tapes. Their single "Valtiaan uudet vaateet" was made into a music video, directed by Tuomas Petsalo from Medialouhos.

The album cover is a picture of the tattoo that Jari Sinkkonen, the drummer of Finnish metal band Kotiteollisuus, has on his chest - presenting Stam1na's tooth logo.[3]

Nocebo is a short German thriller film. The film's run time is 38 minutes. It was written by German scriptwriter Maggie Peren, directed by Lennart Ruff and produced by Südart Filmproduktion in association with Menelaos Film. The film was shot using an Arri Alexa by cinematographer Marcello Kahl. The film is Lennart Ruffs, Severin Höhnes and Tobias M. Hubers final project at the University of Television and Film Munich, as well as Marcello Kahl's final project at the Filmacademy Ludwigsburg.