Wikipedia
is a Japanese word meaning "futility; uselessness; wastefulness", and is a key concept in the Toyota Production System (TPS) as one of the three types of deviation from optimal allocation of resources (the others being mura and muri). Waste reduction is an effective way to increase profitability. Toyota adopted these three words beginning with the prefix mu-, which in Japan are widely recognized as a reference to a product improvement program or campaign.
From a customer's point of view, value-added work is a process that adds value by producing goods or providing a service that a customer is willing to pay for. However, muda is any process that consumes more resources than needed, which causes waste to occur.
Muda are broken down into two types namely:
Muda Type - I : The non value added activity for end customer but it is necessary.
Muda Type -II : The non value added activity for end customer which are not necessary. It is targeted to eliminate this type of wastage.
Type-I are usually hard to eliminate because although it is classified as non-value added activity but it is not necessary muda. For example, the quality inspection process for critical process is needed at car assembly, to ensure the car quality and fulfill safety standards before sending it to the end user; however, from customer point of view, these actions are deemed unnecessary and do not contribute to the assembly process which add values or to the car assembly.
Type-II are non value added activities which contributes to waste and incur hidden costs. Toyota Production System identifies the wastages that occur and group them into 7 major categories.
Mudá is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census ( INE), the municipality has a population of 105 inhabitants.
Mudá is first recorded in 1059, under the name Mudave.
Category:Municipalities in the Province of Palencia Category:Populated places in the Province of Palencia
A muda was the convoy of ships which usually left Venice in spring and came back in autumn; in the most ancient times mudas sailed only for the Levant but later they reached also Western ports. They did not bring only merchants and goods but also knowledge, ideas and culture. They were the necessary link for those who lived in far off countries but wanted to remain in contact and cooperate.
Category:History of Venice