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Mariam-uz-Zamani

Mariam-uz-Zamani Begum (Jodha) , a title bestowed to Heer Kunwari, Hira Kunwari, Harka Bai or Jodha Begum (1 October 1542 – 19 May 1623), was an Empress of the Mughal Empire. She was the first Chief Rajput wife of Emperor Akbar (though Akbar already had two other Chief Mughal wives and many other wives from different religions before and after his marriage to the Rajput Princess Heer Kunwari), and the mother of the next Mughal Emperor, Jahangir. She was also the grandmother of the following Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and great grand mother of last great ruler Emperor Aurangzeb and Mughal crown prince Dara Shikoh.

Mariam-Uz-Zamani was referred to as the Queen Mother of Hindustan, during the reign of the Great Mughal, Emperor Akbar and also during her son Emperor Jahangir's reign. She was the longest serving Hindu Mughal Empress. Her tenure, from 6 February 1562 to 27 October 1605, is that of over 43 years.

Her marriage to Akbar led to a gradual shift in his religious and social policy. Akbar's marriage with Rajkumari Heer Kunwari was a very important event in Mughal history. She is widely regarded in modern Indian historiography as exemplifying Akbar's and the Mughal's tolerance of religious differences and their inclusive policies within an expanding multi-ethnic and multi-denominational empire.