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Wiktionary
mail merge

alt. (context computing English) A software product that uses a file (or database) of names and addresses, together with a template document, to produce multiple copies of a letter, each personally addressed to a different recipient. n. (context computing English) A software product that uses a file (or database) of names and addresses, together with a template document, to produce multiple copies of a letter, each personally addressed to a different recipient. vb. To carry out such a process.

Wikipedia
Mail merge

__NOTOC__ Mail merge is a process to create personalized letters and pre-addressed envelopes or mailing labels for mass mailings from a form letter – a word processing document which contains fixed text, which will be the same in each output document, and variables, which act as placeholders that are replaced by text from the data source.

As defined in the Cambridge Dictionary Online "It's the use of a computer to produce many copies of a letter, each copy with a different name and address stored on file, or a computer program that does this." or according to the Oxford Dictionary Online "It's the automatic addition of names and addresses from a database to letters and envelopes in order to facilitate sending mail, especially advertising, to many addresses."

The data source is typically a spreadsheet or a database which has a field or column for each variable in the template. When the mail merge is run, the word processing system creates an output document for each row in the database, using the fixed text exactly as it appears in the template, but substituting the data variables in the template with the values from the matching columns.

Usage examples of "mail merge".

In other words, the engineer-hours that, in the case of Microsoft Word, were devoted to features like mail merge, and the ability to embed feature-length motion pictures in corporate memoranda, were, in the case of emacs, focused with maniacal intensity on the deceptively simple-seeming problem of editing text.