noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a failure/loss of nerve (=a situation in which someone lacks the courage to do something)
▪ They accused the government of a loss of nerve.
admission of guilt/defeat/failure etc
▪ Silence is often interpreted as an admission of guilt.
be doomed to failure/defeat/extinction etc
▪ Many species are doomed to extinction.
brake failure (=when brakes do not work)
▪ What should you do in the event of a brake failure?
cardiac arrest/failure (=when the heart stops working)
crop failure (=failure to grow or produce food)
▪ Ethiopia's 1989 crop failure was disastrous.
dismal failure
▪ Her scheme was a dismal failure.
engine failure (=when an engine stops working suddenly)
▪ Their aircraft suffered engine failure and crashed into the sea.
heart failure
ignominious defeat/failure/retreat etc
judge sth a success/failure (=consider it to be a success/failure)
▪ The concert was judged a success.
mechanical failure
▪ The flight has been cancelled due to mechanical failure.
meet with success/failure (=succeed or fail)
▪ Our attempts at negotiation finally met with some success.
power failure
signal achievement/success/failure etc
▪ The university has done me the signal honour of making me an Honorary Fellow.
the success/failure rate
▪ The success rate is still extremely low.
total failure/disaster
▪ The sales campaign was a total disaster.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
acute
▪ In this regard, increased plasma renin activity and decreased renal prostaglandin production have been reported in patients with acute liver failure.
▪ This is seen commonly in acute renal failure, and less commonly in chronic renal failure.
▪ Mrs Barnett, 35, suffered acute liver failure after a rare reaction to a drug.
▪ The following example is illustrative: Case 1-4 A 60-year-old man developed acute oliguric renal failure.
▪ Other adverse reactions due to systemic absorption, such as hypoglycaemia, rash, and acute renal failure, are rare.
▪ Hypercalcemia has been observed in the diuretic stage of acute renal failure.
▪ Discussion A problem in studying acute renal failure is the lack of a clearly agreed definition.
complete
▪ You look like you have blown up like a balloon and you feel that you are a complete dieting failure.
▪ But engineers concluded that even a complete failure of the non-critical, rubber O-ring would not endanger the lives of shuttle astronauts.
▪ And then at the end, that they should be complete failures.
▪ They said they were looking at complete liver failure, and swelling of the brain.
▪ But was the move really a complete failure?
▪ And the attempt to start an avalanche of donations was a complete failure.
▪ The first run-through was a complete failure.
▪ In practice, of course, many cases fall between complete success and complete failure.
dismal
▪ Jimmy Johnstone's life after football has been a catalogue of defeats and dismal failures.
▪ The play, of course, is a dismal dramatic failure and survives only as a curiosity.
▪ It was a dismal failure. 1926-27 found him hawking a play round London offices with no potential takers.
▪ This debate will no doubt continue, and clearly no project is either a complete success or a dismal failure.
▪ The Gallipoli campaign ended in dismal and costly failure, with withdrawal from the peninsula commencing on 19 December.
▪ They are especially dismal failures in this regard because in fact they support these prejudices.
▪ It was a dismal failure, and was followed by restrictive legislation against the unions and by victimization of many union activists.
mechanical
▪ Police say mechanical failure has not yet been ruled out.
▪ The crashes have been attributed to a variety of problems, from human error to software glitches to mechanical failure.
▪ It was no goddam accident, no goddam mechanical failure, some one deliberately unhitched that car.
▪ Nothing, save an accident or mechanical failure could keep him from winning.
▪ Take-off even in the conventional manner is a critical phase, unforgiving of mechanical failure or human error.
▪ If it proves to be a mechanical failure, additional safety measures may be required.
▪ Due to mechanical failure the remaining six races had to be abandoned.
▪ For a long time, three main theories dominated discussion of the tragedy: bomb, missile or mechanical failure.
renal
▪ Patients aged under 18, bedridden patients, and patients with renal failure or a history of kidney transplantation were excluded.
▪ Patients with renal failure are, in effect, undergoing an osmotic diuresis since solute load per remaining functioning nephron is increased.
▪ The results in patients with chronic renal failure are interesting, but clinically irrelevant.
▪ This is seen commonly in acute renal failure, and less commonly in chronic renal failure.
▪ This definition would not identify severe renal failure in children.
▪ However, end-stage renal failure caused by chronic hypokalemia is extremely rare in humans.
▪ Fever, muscle rigidity, and seizures may produce rhabdomyolysis and subsequent renal failure.
▪ This occurs because the gastrointestinal absorption of magnesium is not depressed in chronic renal failure.
total
▪ Now she finally had to admit that it had all been a total failure.
▪ A small indulgence is viewed as a total failure, and uncontrolled rebound eating follows.
▪ This work must be well organised and error-free on the night or the result will be total failure.
▪ If this occurs, the buyer can no longer claim to have suffered a total failure of consideration.
▪ But they must also provide powerful facilities to reduce the proportion of total failures and to aid demanding and persistent users.
▪ This is an absolute necessity and to work in defiance of it means total failure.
▪ The risk of total failure is, of course, part of the price of love.
■ NOUN
business
▪ Moreover, business failures are expected to continue rising, especially among small firms.
▪ The inability to control this growth is a major cause of business failures.
▪ However, historical reviews of business failure rates show that the incidence of new product failure is very high and costly.
▪ There are plenty of business failures.
▪ It has stoked catastrophic business failures and contributed to increased unemployment.
▪ Mr. Campbell Business failures are now running at 57 percent. in the north-east and 65 percent. nationally.
▪ A sizeable proportion of these cases were suspected arson and were related to increased business failure because of high interest rates.
▪ The Government wants to reduce penalties for honest business failures while increasing the maximum penalties on dishonest bankrupts.
crop
▪ The short-term cause of overriding local significance were the droughts and crop failures in 1920 and 1921.
▪ After that, depending on the region, comes the danger of drought and crop failure.
▪ Global warming will deeply affect poor countries, leading to huge numbers of refugees, crop failures, and extreme weather.
▪ But buy some reserve seeds in case of crop failures or for successive sowings of fast-maturing varieties such as lettuce and radishes.
▪ Both the 1987 and 1989 crop failures followed good years.
▪ Tight supplies worldwide have kept traders focused on any potential crop failure.
▪ So whether the problem be set aside, crop failure or simple loneliness, the message to farmers is clear.
▪ Years of drought, crop failure and migration have meant that land is continually withdrawn from active production.
engine
▪ The cause of engine failure was at length discovered.
▪ There were two aircraft casualties, a Zero crashed on take-off from the Hiryu and a Kate suffered engine failure.
▪ An investigation into the crash found no evidence of engine failure - the problem was loss of power.
▪ Pilots normally feather propellers for two reasons: because of engine failure or a racing propeller.
▪ This means a catastrophic engine failure could send a fragment into the wing and ignite the fuel vapour.
▪ Although the cause of the accident remained under investigation, eyewitnesses said the plane apparently suffered engine failure.
heart
▪ She died penniless, in 1951, of liver and heart failure.
▪ In congestive heart failure, it is diminished because of low cardiac output and reduced arterial distending pressure.
▪ In fact the late Malcolm Forbes died from heart failure.
▪ Starting soon, some one from the Massachusetts center will check up several times a week on senior citizens with congestive heart failure.
▪ Life expectancy for all patients is middle age, and heart failure is the leading cause of death.
▪ If the patient develops early overt congestive heart failure it is contraindicated, but do seriously consider it later.
▪ But fainting, and heart failure, is possible.
kidney
▪ Most of what is known about acute aluminium poisoning comes from studying patients treated for kidney failure by dialysis.
▪ People with kidney failure are increasingly undergoing bypass and vessel-opening procedures.
▪ He actually died of kidney failure, set off by a viral infection probably contracted during a Masonic meeting in mid-November.
▪ Long-term use led to heart damage, stroke, kidney failure, and psychosis in some cases.
▪ Voice over Kidney failure has meant Rebekah has suffered from anaemia, low energy and restricted growth.
▪ Kumi was 29 days old when she was euthanized after it was found she had kidney failure and was in severe pain.
▪ Of the 195 hospital cases, 55 developed kidney failure and four children died.
▪ If it fails, diabetes may develop, which can cause blindness and kidney failure. 7.
liver
▪ This patient died of liver failure 2 months after the second operation.
▪ Prolonged use of the liquid, which keeps children alive in the beginning, often causes liver failure later.
▪ In 1973 Wendy Ellis, poor Wendy, a spinster, died aged thirty-five of liver failure.
▪ This caution can not be overstated in light of the decreased glomerular filtration often present in chronic liver failure.
▪ Death is mainly because of exsanguination or liver failure.
▪ She developed progressive liver failure and required a liver transplant.
▪ In this regard, increased plasma renin activity and decreased renal prostaglandin production have been reported in patients with acute liver failure.
▪ They said they were looking at complete liver failure, and swelling of the brain.
market
▪ This is a specific form of market failure, since the market left to its own devices does not give sufficient knowledge.
▪ There is far greater willingness for action-both individually and collectively-to tackle market imperfections and market failures.
▪ In this event there is said to be market failure.
▪ An additional source of market failure is externalities.
▪ Quite apart from market failure, another reason for rejecting unregulated market coordination is the inequality of social outcomes it produces.
▪ On the supply side, there are two main sources of market failure.
▪ We now review both the theory and evidence of such market failures and the implications for government intervention in sports markets.
power
▪ Finally, an emergency lighting kit should always be ready in an accessible place, in case of a sudden power failure.
▪ This will prevent the loss of much of your work in the event of a power failure or other mishap.
▪ Breaking the weak link proved a bigger hazard than actual cable breaks or power failures.
▪ The last locally-caused power failure of greater magnitude was the Loma Prieta earthquake in October, 1989.
▪ Half way between Victoria and Gatwick there was a power failure, the lights went out and the train ground to a halt.
▪ The average freezer will keep food frozen for two days in the time of a blackout or a power failure.
▪ It's only a power failure.
▪ Utility officials said the blackout was unrelated to small power failures in San Francisco neighborhoods Monday and Tuesday.
rate
▪ However, historical reviews of business failure rates show that the incidence of new product failure is very high and costly.
▪ We do not recommend birth control or encourage birth control in any way, except to point out its failure rate.
▪ This was an incredible result bearing in mind the general statistics of 98 percent failure rates reported for most dieting attempts.
▪ Over and over again, the studies showed huge failure rates.
▪ After all, there is a 100 percent marriage failure rate for their generation of the House of Windsor.
▪ Because of their high failure rate, small entrepreneurial companies will continue to be volatile places to work.
▪ This course is largely taken by candidates from overseas and there has been a worryingly high failure rate.
▪ Diets work for some Numerous studies show both the failure rates of boomerang diets and an inherited susceptibility to obesity.
■ VERB
cause
▪ Famine is caused by a failure of distribution, rather than a simple lack of food.
▪ Prolonged use of the liquid, which keeps children alive in the beginning, often causes liver failure later.
▪ They have been caused by the failure to impose it consistently.
▪ When something goes wrong, what caused the failure?
▪ Operators used high-voltage induction coils, with the result that the insulation deteriorated, probably causing the cable's failure.
▪ A breakdown in communications between these departments can cause slowdowns and a failure to meet production schedules.
▪ The rubber boot is to stop ingress of dirt, etc. into the splines, causing premature failure.
▪ Could it have been an accident caused by some failure of the pod controls?
comply
▪ The court may intervene where there has been a failure to comply with express procedural requirements.
▪ No company had yet lost government business for failure to comply, but the law was on the books.
▪ A failure to comply with the Order is an offence under the above Act.
▪ Equally, you may have a right of redress if you are dismissed for failure to comply with an unjust order.
▪ This is a matter which can not be too carefully watched since failure to comply renders the member liable to heavy penalties.
doom
▪ But his resistance was doomed to failure as the courtiers' position was confirmed by several royal decrees.
▪ Any attempt to legislate goodwill in the market-place is doomed to failure.
▪ Once again his efforts were doomed to failure.
▪ But after a month with no reply, it seemed that even this approach was doomed to failure.
▪ Even so, such alliances are, in the long run, doomed to failure.
▪ It was now obvious that repeated military efforts by a single state were doomed to failure.
▪ Another airborne bid for peace that Churchill disapproved of, likewise doomed to failure.
▪ The union quest to preserve the rights and prerogatives of unskilled labor are doomed to failure.
end
▪ Does he not know that one in five of private contracts has ended in failure?
▪ Ultimately, though, the self-defeating organiza-tion ends up attributing its failures to some unalterable aspect of its character.
▪ This too is ending in failure.
▪ If we are serious about ending reading failure, we must work on many fronts at once.
▪ In Washington, the White House said the coup attempt appeared to have ended in failure.
▪ It is of course tragic that her marriage is now ending in failure.
▪ Each attempt had ended in failure.
▪ Defries watched her mission end in failure.
follow
▪ Just as failure often follows failure, success breeds success.
▪ Gould was sacked after a stormy 14 months following Albion's failure to at least make the Third Division promotion play-offs.
▪ Many men buffeted by fortune will reach retirement prematurely; some have had great success to be followed by even greater failure.
lead
▪ The lack of specificity in these indicators leads to manifest failure to achieve equity.
▪ Ironically, even those strategies leading to success can also lead to failure.
▪ The consumption externality leads to market failure.
▪ But this instinct increasingly leads to failure.
▪ Others, however, will develop a chronic and progressive malfunction of the liver that may lead to total liver failure.
▪ Those same lessons apply to changing our attitude from one that leads to failure to one that leads to success.
▪ A lack of ascorbic acid leads to a failure to maintain collagen, and the body can actually come apart.
▪ I would not augment difficulties by protesting against them, as this only led to failure and wasted energy.
meet
▪ The third issue is our failure to meet the demand for new housing.
▪ A breakdown in communications between these departments can cause slowdowns and a failure to meet production schedules.
▪ Is failure to meet Compact goals recorded on reports, records of achievement, testimonials, etc.?
▪ The select committee also criticised his failure to meet researchers from the Commission for Racial Equality over a period of four months.
provide
▪ This gets round the case's failure to provide some important background facts.
▪ If this is true, it points to the continuing failure in providing true encounter in the years before union.
▪ The introduction and failure of this project provide a good idea of why a separate black economic agenda has always been stifled.
▪ Instead a growing number of elderly demented people were admitted because of the local authorities' failure to provide alternative care.
▪ To show contrition for failures to provide price lists to consumers, offenders would volunteer payments to the Treasury.
▪ This shows failure to provide an environment conducive to normal growth, where initiative and independence will develop.
▪ And although the particulars of their initiatives might differ, the underlying causes of success or failure will provide lessons learned.
result
▪ Rushing through it will result in failure, and very disappointing that can be, too.
▪ Plunging in with both feet and expending large sums on equipment and delicate fishes will almost always result in failure and disappointment.
▪ Its credibility has been severely damaged and its attempts to find a solution to the problem have resulted in abject failure.
▪ The desire of Congress to control the expenditure of the indemnity payments had resulted in the failure of the National Bank bill.
▪ This results in a failure to activate pepsinogen to pepsi and so denature proteins.
▪ This results from a failure in the sealing of the unit and causes condensation to build up between the panes of glass.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
(the word) failure/guilt/compromise etc is not in sb's vocabulary
abject poverty/misery/failure etc
▪ A central reason cited for the cutback was the abject failure of highly touted sports movies.
▪ But for some, who didn't get the grades they hoped for, there's abject misery.
▪ For the first three years he endured abject misery.
▪ Its strategy was an abject failure on its own terms, for the Gaullists romped home in the June elections.
▪ The parasite has been nurtured by abject poverty, intermittent political chaos and, some charge, international indifference.
▪ The Sisters also try never to reject anyone in abject poverty, the hungry or starving.
▪ Wealth was much more frequent than abject poverty.
▪ What these hopefuls achieved for their pleasure and pain was a violent lifestyle of abject poverty.
an unmitigated disaster/failure/pleasure etc
▪ On health and safety issues, however, deregulation has been an unmitigated disaster.
▪ She had to admit that he would almost certainly not see the situation as an unmitigated disaster.
▪ So far, the tour had been an unmitigated disaster.
▪ The raid itself was an unmitigated disaster.
▪ What is happening in Assam is an unmitigated disaster.
miserable failure
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ His ability has been called into question after a number of recent failures.
▪ I feel like such a failure.
▪ It has become the most expensive bank failure in U.S. history.
▪ She never tries anything because she's terrified of failure.
▪ The failure of the international community to deal effectively with the problem has cost thousands of lives.
▪ The failure of the peace talks has led to increased tension on the streets.
▪ Their first attempt to climb Mount Everest ended in failure.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Heart failure means that the heart muscle is not pumping well enough to meet the need for oxygen-rich blood.
▪ If the plaintiff was thrown forwards and injured, then clearly failure to wear a seat belt is contributory negligence.
▪ Innovation demands risk, and risk brings with it the possibility of frequent failure.
▪ Now, swept by red wave upon wave, she had to expiate her failure.
▪ Perhaps it is a movie about the promises and failures of public works in and since the New Deal.
▪ The fragility of life is now characterised by an electricity failure or a virus in computers.
▪ There are various possible reasons for these failures, including errors of recognition and errors of spelling.
▪ This occurs because the gastrointestinal absorption of magnesium is not depressed in chronic renal failure.