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The Collaborative International Dictionary
Distillation

Distillation \Dis`til*la"tion\ (d[i^]s`t[i^]l*l[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.

  1. The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring out in drops.

  2. That which falls in drops. [R.]
    --Johnson

  3. (Chem.) The separation of the volatile parts of a substance from the more fixed; specifically, the operation of driving off gas or vapor from volatile liquids or solids, by heat in a retort or still, and the condensation of the products as far as possible by a cool receiver, alembic, or condenser; rectification; vaporization; condensation; as, the distillation of illuminating gas and coal, of alcohol from sour mash, or of boric acid in steam.

    Note: The evaporation of water, its condensation into clouds, and its precipitation as rain, dew, frost, snow, or hail, is an illustration of natural distillation.

  4. The substance extracted by distilling.
    --Shak.

    Destructive distillation (Chem.), the distillation, especially of complex solid substances, so that the ultimate constituents are separated or evolved in new compounds, -- usually requiring a high degree of heat; as, the destructive distillation of soft coal or of wood.

    Dry distillation, the distillation of substances by themselves, or without the addition of water or of other volatile solvent; as, the dry distillation of citric acid.

    Fractional distillation. (Chem.) See under Fractional.

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
distillation

late 14c., "process of distilling," from Late Latin distillationem (nominative distillatio), noun of action from past participle stem of distillare (see distill). Meaning "product of distilling" is from 1590s.

Wiktionary
distillation

n. 1 The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring out in drops. 2 That which falls in drops. 3 (context chemistry chemical engineering English) The separation of the volatile parts of a substance from the more fixed; specifically, the operation of driving off gas or vapor from volatile liquids or solids, by heat in a retort or still, and the condensation of the products as far as possible by a cool receiver, alembic, or condenser; rectification; vaporization; condensation; as, the distillation of illuminating gas and coal, of alcohol from sour mash, or of boric acid in steam. 4 The substance extracted by distilling.

WordNet
distillation
  1. n. the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors [syn: distillment]

  2. a purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapor during distilling; the product of distilling [syn: distillate]

Wikipedia
Distillation

Distillation is a process of separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components of the mixture. In either case the process exploits differences in the volatility of mixture's components. In industrial chemistry, distillation is a unit operation of practically universal importance, but it is a physical separation process and not a chemical reaction.

Commercially, distillation has many applications. For example:

  • In the fossil fuel industry distillation is a major class of operation in obtaining materials from crude oil for fuels and for chemical feedstocks.
  • Distillation permits separation of air into its components — notably oxygen, nitrogen, and argon — for industrial use.
  • In the field of industrial chemistry, large ranges of crude liquid products of chemical synthesis are distilled to separate them, either from other products, or from impurities, or from unreacted starting materials.
  • Distillation of fermented products produces distilled beverages with a high alcohol content, or separates out other fermentation products of commercial value.

An installation for distillation, especially of alcohol, is a distillery. The distillation equipment is a still.

Distillation (Erin McKeown album)

Distillation is the second album by musician Erin McKeown. It was released via Signature Sounds in 2000.

Distillation (Wishbone Ash album)

Distillation is a 1997 compilation album released by Wishbone Ash. The album's fourth disc is composed solely of live recordings.

Distillation (disambiguation)

Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture.

Distillation may also refer to:

  • Distillation (Erin McKeown album), 2000
  • Distillation (Wishbone Ash album), 1997
  • Distillation Design
  • Azeotropic distillation
  • Batch distillation
  • Continuous distillation
  • Destructive distillation
  • Dry distillation
  • Entanglement distillation
  • Extractive distillation
  • Fractional distillation
  • Global distillation
  • Multi-stage flash distillation
  • Reactive distillation
  • Salt-effect distillation
  • Spinning band distillation
  • Steam distillation
  • Vacuum distillation

Usage examples of "distillation".

The calcium chloride does not enter into the chemical reaction, but raises the temperature at which the solution boils, and is essential for the completion of the distillation.

Later tests will be run with other coals of various volatile contents and various distillation properties.

There are two varieties of hardness, one of which is temporary, being due to the presence of carbonic acid gas in the water which holds the salts in solution and may be removed by merely boiling the water and thus expelling the gas when the salts are deposited, while the other is permanent and can only be removed by the distillation of the water.

The brandy had a light taste, unlike the fruitier distillations Derek always stocked.

Oleic acid a by-product of the candle industry, is extensively used under the name of cloth oil, there is also used oleine, or wool oil, obtained by the distillation of Yorkshire grease.

Uses of, and Ingredients used in the Preparation of Cosmetics -- Preparation of Perfumes by Pressure, Distillation, Maceration, Absorption or Enfleurage, and Extraction Methods -- Chemical and Animal Products used in the Preparation of Cosmetics -- Oils and Fats used in the Preparation of Cosmetics -- General Cosmetic Preparations -- Mouth Washes and Tooth Pastes -- Hair Dyes, Hair Restorers and Depilatories -- Cosmetic Adjuncts and Specialities -- Colouring Cosmetic Preparations -- Antiseptic Washes and Soaps -- Toilet and Hygienic Soaps -- Secret Preparations for Skin, Complexion, Teeth, Mouth, etc.

They brought their harvest back to the stillroom, where they hung plants to dry or made the distillations that would be used later to cure winter ailments.

Luna, and so you must shut, the mouth of the retort closely, and keep it so for twenty-four hours, and then take off your fastenings, and allow the distillation to go on.

I climbed two stories quickly, chimneying between a disused fractional distillation stack and a cooling tower.

I didn’t want any, I won’t allow any vegetable substance to interfere with the functioning of my brain (I’m lying, I smoke tobacco, drink distillations of grain).

There was a wet bar filled with genuine vintage distillations, as well as a drink synthesiser.

Extracts, elixirs, spirits, oils, essences, quintessences, florescences, salts, concentrates, and distillations filled a glittery collection of vials and charming ornate bottles fitted in two custom-designed carrying cases, each as large as a Samsonite two-suiter, and both bags now stood bursting with potential in this rank, mildew-riddled bathroom.

He had dabbled in alchemistic experiments himself, making distillations, aqua regia, aqua fortris, and iron vitriol.

As a result of further research, it is considered that the crystalline mass yielded by Elecampane root on distillation with water in the proportion of 1 to 2 per cent, and associated with about 1 per cent volatile oil, consists of Alantolactone, iso-alantolactone and Alantolic acid, all of which are crystalline, nearly colourless, and have but slight odour and taste.

The crude oil was subjected to fractional distillation, and the heaviest fraction was suitable for use as a road asphalt.