What is "code"

Code \Code\ (k[=o]d), n. [F., fr. L. codex, caudex, the stock or stem of a tree, a board or tablet of wood smeared over with wax, on which the ancients originally wrote; hence, a book, a writing.]

1. A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts are set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by public authority; a digest.

   Note: The collection of laws made by the order of Justinian is sometimes called, by way of eminence. ``The Code''
   --Wharton.

2. Any system of rules or regulations relating to one subject; as, the medical code, a system of rules for the regulation of the professional conduct of physicians; the naval code, a system of rules for making communications at sea means of signals.

   Code civil or Code Napoleon, a code enacted in France in 1803 and 1804, embodying the law of rights of persons and of property generally.
   --Abbot.

c.1300, "systematic compilation of laws," from Old French code "system of laws, law-book" (13c.), from Latin codex, earlier caudex "book, book of laws," literally "tree trunk," hence, book made up of wooden tablets covered with wax for writing. Meaning "cipher" (the sense in secret code) is from 1808.

1815, from code (n.). Specifically in the computer sense from 1947. Related: Coded; coding.

n. 1 A short symbol, often with little relation to the item it represents. 2 A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts are set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by public authority; a digest. 3 Any system of principles, rules or regulations relating to one subject; as, the medical code, a system of rules for the regulation of the professional conduct of physicians; the naval code, a system of rules for making communications at sea means of signals. 4 A set of rules for converting information into another form or representation. 5 # By synecdoche: a codeword, code point, an encoded representation of a character, symbol, or other entity. 6 A message represented by rules intended to conceal its meaning. vb. 1 (context computing English) To write software programs. 2 To categorise by assigning identifiers from a schedule, for example CPT coding for medical insurance purposes. 3 (context cryptography English) To encode. 4 (context medicine English) Of a patient, to suffer a sudden medical emergency such as cardiac arrest. 5 (context genetics intransitive English) To encode a protein.

1. n. a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones) [syn: codification]

2. a coding system used for transmitting messages requiring brevity or secrecy

3. (computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions [syn: computer code]

1. v. attach a code to; "Code the pieces with numbers so that you can identify them later"

2. convert ordinary language into code; "We should encode the message for security reasons" [syn: encode, encipher, cipher, cypher, encrypt, inscribe, write in code] [ant: decode]

CODE may refer to:

• Crude Oil Data Exchange, an electronic business standard sanctioned by the American Petroleum Institute
• Cultural Olympiad Digital Edition
• CODE (programming language)
• Confederation of Democracy (Confederación de la Democracia) (1972), a defunct political coalition in Chile
• Code (disambiguation)

A code is a rule for converting a piece of information into another object or action, not necessarily of the same sort.

Code may also refer to:

In cryptology, a code is a method used to encrypt a message that operates at the level of meaning; that is, words or phrases are converted into something else. A code might transform "change" into "CVGDK" or "cocktail lounge". A codebook is needed to encrypt, and decrypt the phrases or words.

By contrast, ciphers encrypt messages at the level of individual letters, or small groups of letters, or even, in modern ciphers, individual bits. Message can of course be transformed first by a code, and then by a cipher. Such multiple encryption, or "superencryption" aims to make cryptanalysis more difficult.

Codes have a variety of drawbacks, including susceptibility to cryptanalysis and the difficulty of managing the cumbersome codebooks, so ciphers are now the dominant technique in modern cryptography.

(In the past, or in non-technical contexts, code and cipher are often used to refer to any form of encryption).

CODE (computationally oriented display environment) is a visual programming language and system for parallel programming, which lets users compose sequential programs into parallel programs.

Code (stylised < c o d e > or < C O D E >) are an English black metal band that formed in 2002.

Code (stylized as ''C O D E'') is an album by British electronic band Cabaret Voltaire. The track "Don't Argue" was released as a single, as was "Here To Go".

The lyrics (and title) of "Don't Argue" incorporate verbatim a number of sentences from the narration of the 1945 short film Your Job in Germany, directed by Frank Capra. The film was aimed at American soldiers occupying Germany and strongly warned against trusting or fraternizing with German citizens.

Code, known as Base 10 in North America and Decode in Japan, is a puzzle video game developed by skip Ltd. and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DSi's DSiWare digital distribution service.

In semiotics, a code is a set of conventions or sub-codes currently in use to communicate meaning. The most common is one's spoken language, but the term can also be used to refer to any narrative form: consider the color scheme of an image (e.g. red for danger), or the rules of a board game (e.g. the military signifiers in chess).

Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913) emphasised that signs only acquire meaning and value when they are interpreted in relation to each other. He believed that the relationship between the signifier and the signified was arbitrary. Hence, interpreting signs requires familiarity with the sets of conventions or codes currently in use to communicate meaning.

Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) elaborated the idea that the production and interpretation of texts depends on the existence of codes or conventions for communication. Since the meaning of a sign depends on the code within which it is situated, codes provide a framework within which signs make sense (see Semiosis).

In metadata, the representation term code refers to, and is used in the name of, data elements whose allowable values can be represented as enumerated lists. Each enumerated value is a string that for brevity represents a specific meaning. For example, for a PersonGenderCode the allowable code valid values might be "male", "female" or "unknown". To be compliant with ISO standards a value meaning or definition must also be associated with each code.

The ISO/IEC 11179 metadata registry standard defines code as a system of valid symbols that substitute for longer values. In general, if the number of codes is small the list of valid codes and their definitions can be transmitted with a document that validates the data. Codes usually have a symbolic meaning that can be understood by a person.

One example code is a set of two letter state codes used in a US postal address. The code MN represents the state of Minnesota. Its equivalent ID using FIPS standards is the number 27. The number 27 would be classified as having a representation term of type Identifier and have the representation suffix of ID.

Another example is the three-letter international airport codes such as 'MSP' for the Minneapolis-St. Paul Airport. Although people use these codes to identify an airport, they would be classified as having a representation term of Code because they contain mnemonic information.

Sometimes identification systems are also called "codes" in common every-day language. For example people frequently refer to a location's "zip code". Because of the lack of symbolic meaning in a numeric value, zip codes would technically be classified under ISO guidelines as an identifier. For example in the NIEM and GJXDM standards a zip code is called LocationPostalCodeID. The concept is Location, the property is PostalCode and the representation term is ID.

It is sometimes difficult to determine if a data element is a code or an identifier. In general identifiers are sequential numbers used to identify a specific item in an identification scheme. If a data element has mnemonic information it is generally classified as a code.

If only two code values are needed, an indicator (Boolean true/false) representation term can be used.

In set theory, a code for a hereditarily countable set

x ∈ H 

is a set

E ⊂ ω × ω

such that there is an isomorphism between (ω,E) and (X, ∈ ) where X is the transitive closure of {x}. If X is finite (with cardinality n), then use n×n instead of ω×ω and (n,E) instead of (ω,E).

According to the axiom of extensionality, the identity of a set is determined by its elements. And since those elements are also sets, their identities are determined by their elements, etc.. So if one knows the element relation restricted to X, then one knows what x is. (We use the transitive closure of {x} rather than of x itself to avoid confusing the elements of x with elements of its elements or whatever.) A code includes that information identifying x and also information about the particular injection from X into ω which was used to create E. The extra information about the injection is non-essential, so there are many codes for the same set which are equally useful.

So codes are a way of mapping H into the powerset of ω×ω. Using a pairing function on ω (such as (n,k) goes to (n+2·n·k+k+n+3·k)/2), we can map the powerset of ω×ω into the powerset of ω. And we can map the powerset of ω into the Cantor set, a subset of the real numbers. So statements about H can be converted into statements about the reals. Consequently, H ⊂ L(R) .

Codes are useful in constructing mice.

Code is the third novel in the Virals series of novels for young adults written by the American forensic anthropologist and crime writer, Kathy Reichs and her son Brendan Reichs, featuring Tory Brennan, great-niece of Temperance Brennan.

#Code is a Moroccan action web series created by Inwi that premiered on June 1st on their YouTube channel. It is meant as a promotional content for the mobile operator, and is the second effort at making a web series after a 2-seasons web series called Switchers.

The series was distributed through Inwi social accounts in Facebook and YouTube.

Code or ΧΟΔΕ (also pronounced "code") is a brand name for the high-fidelity audio DVD-Video disc developed by Grammy Award-winning record producer T-Bone Burnett. The brand is meant to give listeners a comparable experience to hearing studio master recordings and to offer a higher resolution alternative to the smaller, lower quality MP3, the iTunes Store's AAC, and Compact Disc formats. A Code disc is a DVD-Video disc with standard 24-bit/96 kHz PCM audio, and is played from a DVD player or a DVD-ROM drive. The disc also includes files in 24-bit/96 kHz WAV, AAC, and MP3 formats for use on personal computers and portable media players. John Mellencamp's Life, Death, Love and Freedom was the first album released in the format on July 15, 2008. Elvis Costello has also expressed interest in releasing in the format. Will Dailey released his Torrent, Volumes 1 & 2 in ΧΟΔΕ on June 9, 2009. The album is credited on its back cover as "ΧΟΔΕ certified by T Bone Burnett".