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What is "clause"

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clause
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
clause
noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a clause/provision in the constitution (=a rule or condition in it)
▪ The provision in the European constitution that limited women's roles in the military was found to be discriminatory.
dependent clause
independent clause
main clause
opt-out clause
▪ an opt-out clause
penalty clause
relative clause
restrictive clause
subordinate clause
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
dependent
▪ This should be written in short grammatical sentences with the minimum of dependent clauses.
▪ The example below uses an independent and dependent clause.
▪ The dependent clause functions as a substitution item in a frame, the frame being the rest of the sentence.
▪ What is the ratio of dependent to independent clauses?
general
▪ A general exclusion clause which excludes liability altogether is thus very unlikely to be reasonable under s 3.
▪ Second, the text shows that it was important to know whether the general clause applied or not.
independent
▪ The example below uses an independent and dependent clause.
▪ Frye wrote the words independent clause and subordinate clause on the board.
▪ What is the ratio of dependent to independent clauses?
main
▪ The main clause elements are subject, predicator, object, complement, and adjunct.
▪ However, when a subordinate clause follows a main clause this additional processing load does not occur.
▪ Also, they commonly appear as subordinate elements in a sentence where the main clause indicates the speaker.
new
▪ Mr. Wilson: The new clause and amendments are primarily concerned with consumer interests.
▪ The new clause provides him with an opportunity to prove that he is a caring individual.
▪ Invariably, new clauses will come first in the order of business on Report.
▪ It would certainly include statements by successful movers of amendments and new clauses to Bills.
▪ I ask the Minister to support the new clause.
▪ The new clause seeks to address that specific problem.
▪ Our new clause 17 would establish their entitlement to rebates, which would benefit them greatly.
relative
▪ The most notable is the relative pronoun that, which can only be used with a restrictive relative clause.
▪ A relative clause counts as dependent whereas an adjective modifying a noun clearly does not.
▪ Moreover, as we have remarked, many relative clauses with adjectives will not give postnominal adjectives.
restrictive
▪ The most notable is the relative pronoun that, which can only be used with a restrictive relative clause.
▪ A restrictive clause in the title deed limited the land use to mission purposes.
▪ Intellectual property: Restrictive intellectual property clauses in employment contracts or restrictive covenants could force the brightest free workers to walk.
subordinate
▪ Judgments frequently consist of long paragraphs and convoluted sentences replete with subordinate clauses.
▪ Frye wrote the words independent clause and subordinate clause on the board.
▪ This seems likely, to judge from the profusion and confusion of qualifications and subordinate clauses.
▪ However, when a subordinate clause follows a main clause this additional processing load does not occur.
■ NOUN
escape
▪ He would act alone, but he would take care to provide himself with an escape clause.
▪ Fourth, the escape clauses it provides are likely to be far from fully effective.
▪ Here was the escape clause the board was looking for.
▪ The film strives for a surface kind of cynicism, only to invoke the Love Conquers All escape clause in the end.
▪ The metal employers' federation says half its members may resort to the escape clause.
exclusion
▪ In interpreting the clause, their lordships observed that this was a limitation of liability clause and not a complete exclusion clause.
▪ Having regard to future possibilities as well as present realities, an exclusion clause would be indispensable in the new system.
▪ The Court of Appeal held that the oral statement overrode the exclusion clause which therefore did not form part of the contract.
▪ The nature of the contract, contractual and tortious liabilities and the use of exclusion clauses will be considered.
▪ It therefore appears that an exclusion clause can apply, even to cases of fundamental breach and breach of fundamental term.
▪ The exclusion clause was of no effect for this breach of an express term.
▪ It is for this reason that a seller will usually be unable to rely on an exclusion clause printed on a receipt.
▪ The policy is subject to the war exclusion clause.
exemption
▪ As a defence, the Council pleaded an exemption clause printed on the back of the ticket.
▪ An exemption clause may, contrary to appearances, have little or no effect.
▪ Under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 any exemption clauses in the rules must be reasonable.
▪ The 1977 Act places severe curbs upon the effectiveness of exemption clauses of many sorts.
▪ The plaintiff was awarded £50 in damages. Exemption clauses are also controlled by statute.
▪ The sellers tried to rely upon the exemption clause.
▪ This means that, even though an exemption clause on its wording apparently provides a defence, it may nevertheless be ineffective.
▪ From this trilogy of cases the modem approach to the interpretation of exemption clauses has emerged.
penalty
▪ She knew she would feel a good deal less proud when she told Alice about the penalty clause.
▪ The defendants were liable to a penalty clause in the main contract if the work was not completed on time.
▪ How if at all did the existence of the penalty clause affect the consideration given by the plaintiff?
▪ The owners of the dredger required it to complete a contract which contained an onerous penalty clause.
▪ There are stiff penalty clauses for late delivery.
review
▪ The interrelationship of this clause with the rent review clause should be considered.
▪ However, most leases incorporate a rent review clause which provides for the periodic raising of the rent.
▪ Commercially, such a rent review clause may work to the disadvantage of either party.
▪ All those cases turned on the effect of particular words in the rent review clause.
■ VERB
add
▪ Where the seller is successful in adding his additional clause, the guarantee obviously acts as an exclusion of liability.
▪ The epilogue claims that Childebert added six clauses and Chlothar ten.
allow
▪ This clause allows provinces to be exempt from court rulings for five years.
▪ Some contracts, however, have cost-escalation clauses allowing the passing on of any increased costs.
▪ The law includes a clause which allows a delay of one and a half years for its application for some users.
construe
▪ The courts were generally reluctant to construe an exclusion clause as covering cases of breach of fundamental term or fundamental breach.
contain
▪ Clause 9.2 of Precedent 2 contains a standard clause preventing sub-contracting.
▪ Operating leases also often contain cancellation clauses so that the lessee is not locked into a long-term agreement.
▪ At one extreme one may find a written contract containing many detailed clauses setting out the terms of the contract.
▪ It also contained a clause which effectively provided for its continued validity should the Soviet Union be dissolved or reconstituted.
▪ Explain the reasons why partnership agreements often contain clauses relating to interest, bonuses, salaries and division of profits.
▪ The Bill is short, containing only five clauses and two schedules, which is a good thing.
▪ These trust deeds usually contain an expert clause about the remuneration of the trustee appointed under the deed.
▪ The owners of the dredger required it to complete a contract which contained an onerous penalty clause.
hold
▪ The House of Lords held the clause unreasonable.
▪ It was held that clause 13 dearly imposed that fiduciary relationship upon the buyers.
include
▪ Only 14 % had received advice about including mediation clauses in contracts.
▪ His new deal, however, does not include clauses that would prevent him from leaving before the term is completed.
▪ They included clauses to devolve power by increasing the autonomy and economic power of local councils.
▪ Tulsa signed Self, 34, to a five-year contract that includes a buyout clause.
▪ Is it beyond the wit of Byers and his legal eagles to include a sunset clause in the final version?
▪ The law includes a clause which allows a delay of one and a half years for its application for some users.
insert
▪ It is encouraging that the National Union of Journalists has now inserted an anti-ageist clause into its code of conduct.
▪ The newly inserted clause in the lease required a tenant to vacate the premises on 90 days notice.
▪ Subsequently, the Government inserted a clause of their own which went some way to meet Lord Scarman's amendment.
▪ He has inserted a clause into his contract which bans screenwriter Joel Silver from the set while he is working.
interpret
▪ In interpreting the clause, their lordships observed that this was a limitation of liability clause and not a complete exclusion clause.
▪ The court in interpreting the clause, leans against the seller.
▪ The model may be the context for interpreting the clause, but the interpretation need not be a full one.
provide
▪ Clause 9 provides an interesting exemption clause.
rely
▪ The burden of proving that a clause satisfies the reasonableness test is on the party who seeks to rely on the clause.
▪ The burden of proof is on the person seeking to rely on the clause.
▪ It is for this reason that a seller will usually be unable to rely on an exclusion clause printed on a receipt.
▪ The sellers tried to rely upon the exemption clause.
state
▪ The clause should also state the earliest date upon which the option may be exercised.
▪ This clause must state the company's nominal capital, and how the capital is divided into shares.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ A clause in the contract states when payment must be made.
▪ Courts ruled that prayer in school violates a clause of the First Amendment.
▪ I was told that this clause would be removed from the contract.
▪ In the sentence "Can you tell me what time it is?" 'Can you tell me' is the main clause, and 'what time it is' is a subordinate clause.
▪ We will go to the theatre tonight [main clause] if we can get tickets [subordinate clause].
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ An important preliminary point is that the dividing line between an exclusion clause and a disclosure clause may be thin.
▪ However, the clause did not make this clear.
▪ In many cases it may be impossible to predict with certainty whether or not a particular clause will be effective.
▪ It also covers a selection of other contract clauses frequently encountered in many types of commercial agreement, for example confidentiality clauses.
▪ Later, I had cause to be grateful for that clause.
▪ The agreement included a clause setting up a joint committee to oversee air quality.
▪ The compulsory clauses of the memorandum are only part of it.
▪ The law includes a clause which allows a delay of one and a half years for its application for some users.
Related phrases:
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Clause

Clause \Clause\, n. [F. clause, LL. clausa, equiv. to L. clausula clause, prop., close of ? rhetorical period, close, fr. claudere to shut, to end. See Close.]

  1. A separate portion of a written paper, paragraph, or sentence; an article, stipulation, or proviso, in a legal document.

    The usual attestation clause to a will.
    --Bouvier.

  2. (Gram.) A subordinate portion or a subdivision of a sentence containing a subject and its predicate.

Clause

Clause \Clause\, n. [Obs.] See Letters clause or Letters close, under Letter.

Related phrases:
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
clause

c.1200, "a sentence, a brief statement, a short passage," from Old French clause "stipulation" (in a legal document), 12c., from Medieval Latin clausa "conclusion," used in the sense of classical Latin clausula "the end, a closing, termination," also "end of a sentence or a legal argument," from clausa, fem. noun from past participle of claudere "to close, to shut, to conclude" (see close (v.)). Grammatical sense is from c.1300. Legal meaning "distinct condition, stipulation, or proviso" is recorded from late 14c. in English. The sense of "ending" seems to have fallen from the word between Latin and French.

Wiktionary
clause

n. 1 (rfc-sense) (context grammar informal English) A group of two or more words which include a subject and any necessary predicate (the predicate also includes a verb, conjunction, or a preposition) to begin the clause; however, this clause is not considered a sentence for colloquial purposes. 2 (context grammar English) A verb along with its subject and their modifiers. If a clause provides a complete thought on its own, then it is an independent (superordinate) clause; otherwise, it is (subordinate) dependent. 3 (context legal English) A separate part of a contract, a will or another legal document. vb. (context transitive shipping English) To amend (a bill of lading or similar document).

Related phrases:
WordNet
clause

  1. n. (grammar) an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting a complete sentence

  2. a separate section of a legal document (as a statute or contract or will) [syn: article]

Related phrases:
Wikipedia
Clause

In grammar, a clause is the smallest grammatical unit that can express a complete proposition. A typical clause consists of a subject and a predicate, the latter typically a verb phrase, a verb with any objects and other modifiers. However, the subject is sometimes not expressed, often the case in null-subject languages if the subject is retrievable from context, but it sometimes also occurs in other languages such as English (as in imperative sentences and non-finite clauses).

A simple sentence usually consists of a single finite clause with a finite verb that is independent. More complex sentences may contain multiple clauses. Main clauses (matrix clauses, independent clauses) are those that can stand alone as a sentence. Subordinate clauses (embedded clauses, dependent clauses) are those that would be awkward or incomplete if they were alone.

Clause (disambiguation)

A clause is a type of construct in grammar.

Clause may also refer to:

  • Clause (logic), a disjunction of literals in logic
  • A legal clause, an individually designated provision in a contract, regulation or statute
  • Frederick Clause, surgeon, painter and early explorer of Western Australia
  • A constituent component of statements and queries in SQL
Clause (logic)

In logic, a clause is an expression formed from a finite collection of literals (variables or their negations) that is true either whenever at least one of the literals that form it is true (a disjunctive clause, the most common use of the term), or when all of the literals that form it are true (a conjunctive clause, a less common use of the term). That is, it is a finite disjunction or conjunction of literals, depending on the context. Clauses are usually written as follows, where the symbols l are literals:


l ∨ ⋯ ∨ l

Related phrases:

Usage examples of "clause".

House, in judging of elections under this clause acts as a judicial tribunal, with like power to compel attendance of witnesses.

But Adams adamantly opposed hereditary monarchy and hereditary aristocracy in America, as well as all hereditary titles, honors, or distinctions of any kind--it was why he, like Jefferson and Franklin, strongly opposed the Society of the Cincinnati, the association restricted to Continental Army officers, which had a hereditary clause in its rules whereby membership was passed on to eldest sons.

Beatles were not even aware that this partnership document existed until Klein found it, but in any case, these clauses in the partnership agreement had been regularly broken, mostly by John, who had performed with the Plastic Ono Band and released several albums with Yoko.

The absolute veto of the Court of Appeals in the Wynehamer case was replaced by the Supreme Court, under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, by a more flexible doctrine, which left it open to the State to show reasonable justification for that type of legislation in terms of acknowledged ends of the Police Power, namely, the promotion of the public health, safety and morals.

This last clause made Planchet knit his brows a little, but when he saw the brilliant eye, the muscular hand, the supple and strong back of his associate, he regained his courage, and, without regret, he at once added another stroke to his signature.

State which the commerce touches, merely because interstate commerce is being done, so that without the protection of the commerce clause it would bear cumulative burdens not imposed on local commerce.

The School Council amended the vaccination clause, making vaccination a conditio sine qua non for attending school and giving the health officer the whole control of the matter.

The lower court had asserted that the duty of the President under the faithful execution clause gave him no other control over the officer than to see that he acts honestly, with proper motives, but no power to construe the law, and see that the executive action conforms to it.

Court will not be required eventually to put Gelpcke and its companions and descendants squarely on the obligation of contracts clause, or else abandon them.

The concept of obligation is an importation from the Civil Law and its appearance in the contracts clause is supposed to have been due to James Wilson, a graduate of Scottish universities and a Civilian.

Actually the term as used in the contracts clause has been rendered more or less superfluous by the doctrine that the law in force when a contract is made enters into and comprises a part of the contract itself.

When we consider how carefully each clause was discussed in the General Convention, and how closely each was scrutinized in the conventions of the several States, the conclusion can not be avoided that all was specified which it was intended to bestow, and not a few of the wisest in that day held that too much power had been conferred.

One by one, the chairman of directors defined the clauses, while Crozer made new notations.

He answers that, as applied, the Act denies a liberty secured to him by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

This particular clause had been applied only twice in recent years: once, when British Columbia requested and received RCMP reinforcements to help quell disturbances caused by the Doukhobor Sons of Freedom sect, and another time, to help maintain law and order during the Winnipeg flood.