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bile
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
bile
noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
increased
▪ This was coupled with an increased faecal bile acid concentration and proportion of secondary faecal bile acids.
▪ Nevertheless, we propose that the increased concentration of bile acids and increased daily excretion may predispose to the development of polyps.
▪ Thus patients with significant bile acid malabsorption can be expected to have an increased production of bile acids.
▪ Such diurnal variations may possibly explain why two of the patients showed increased bile acid synthesis but normal SeHCAT values.
▪ Bile acid malabsorption and increased synthesis of bile acids were even detected in cholecystectomised patients without intestinal pathology.
secondary
▪ This was coupled with an increased faecal bile acid concentration and proportion of secondary faecal bile acids.
▪ Patients with established colorectal cancer showed increased proportions of secondary bile acids in their faeces.
▪ Our own recent studies have shown an increased proportion of secondary biliary bile acids in patients with colorectal cancer.
total
▪ Furthermore, the higher concentrations used in this study reflect total bile salt concentrations in human colon.
▪ In contrast to fatty acids, the total bile acid concentration was hardly influenced by the different diets.
■ NOUN
acid
▪ These findings would suggest that an interplay of various intraluminal factors, including bile acids themselves, may affect colonic function.
▪ The bile acids are synthesized as excretory products of cholesterol catabolism and are composed of a carbon-24 steroid nucleus.
▪ The SeHCAT test has made intestinal bile acid malabsorption much more easy to detect.
▪ The role played by dietary fibre is of importance to this compartmentalisation because it binds bile acids.
▪ Nevertheless, we propose that the increased concentration of bile acids and increased daily excretion may predispose to the development of polyps.
▪ In the past, many patients were accepted for bile acid treatment without specific, gall stone related symptoms.
▪ This inhibition is caused by the formation of insoluble precipitates of calcium, phosphate, and bile acid micelles.
▪ Not all studies support a direct link between fat malabsorption and faecal bile acid losses.
bladder
▪ Paired hepatic and gall bladder bile samples were collected from 10 patients with cholesterol gall stones and six patients without gall stones.
▪ The composition of phospholipids in human hepatic and gall bladder bile has been studied by a number of investigators during recent years.
▪ The concentrations of total lipid and protein in gall bladder bile were not significantly different between the two groups.
▪ Recent evidence suggests, however, that nicotine inhibits gall bladder bile mucin concentration.
duct
▪ According to our experience, the severity of bile duct injuries seems to be changed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
▪ Linda suffers from biliary atresia, an abnormality in which the bile duct is blocked.
▪ A straight 10 F endoprosthesis was used in the five patients with a bile duct stricture distal to the stones.
▪ It has not yet been well defined, whether a similar approach is justified for bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
▪ All four patients with complete bile duct transection were treated with a proximal hepaticojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y jejunal loop.
▪ Laparotomy was carried out under ether anesthesia and cannulation of the bile duct was performed for continuous bile collection.
▪ Our technique and results of endoscopic treatment of bile duct injury after open cholecystectomy have been described in detail elsewhere.
▪ We have advocated initial endoscopic stenting for bile duct strictures after open cholecystectomy.
flow
▪ The demonstration of a central stimulation of alkaline bile flow suggests that bile secretion may be subject to central modulation.
▪ However, the lack of bile flow into the intestines will result in neither urobilinogen nor urobilin being found in the feces.
▪ Centrally administered neuropeptide Y caused a dose-dependent increase in bile flow that was associated with an increase in biliary bicarbonate output.
salt
▪ The release of colonic regulatory peptides by bile salts does make physiological sense.
▪ Attempts to measure bile salts directly by continuous aspiration have produced conflicting results.
▪ Studies in rats have shown that bile salts inhibit gastric emptying and prolongs intestinal transit time.
▪ It has been reported that gastric infusion of bile salts in rats delays gastric emptying and inhibits small bowel transit time.
▪ This mechanism might facilitate bile salt absorption into the enterohepatic circulation by slowing intestinal transit time.
▪ In man portal venous bile salt concentrations increase from 22.2 µmol/l during fasting to 170 µmol/l after meals.
▪ Aggressive factors include gastric juice and bile salts which can reflux back into the stomach.
▪ It is therefore not unreasonable to propose that bile salts might be the inhibitory component in the venous effluent.
sample
▪ Six patients, all with malignant strictures, had bile samples taken at both endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.
▪ Paired hepatic and gall bladder bile samples were collected from 10 patients with cholesterol gall stones and six patients without gall stones.
▪ Whole bile samples were collected anaerobically and into sterile tubes.
▪ The isotropic bile samples were subsequently used to measure the nucleation time and the relative distribution of vesicular cholesterol.
▪ Part of the bile samples were frozen at -20°C until chemical analysis.
■ VERB
increase
▪ Furthermore, dietary manipulation studies have shown that high fat intake can increase faecal bile acid excretion.
show
▪ This study has shown that luminal bile directly inhibited terminal ileal motility.
▪ Studies in rats have shown that bile salts inhibit gastric emptying and prolongs intestinal transit time.
▪ Abdominal ultrasound imaging showed non-dilated bile ducts, several fluid collections, and guided puncture yielded bile.
▪ Invitro studies have shown impairment of bile acid absorption in the ileal mucosa of patients with cystic fibrosis.
▪ Ultrasound did not show dilated intrahepatic bile ducts.
▪ Blood chemistry showed cholestatic liver enzymes and ultrasound showed dilated bile ducts.
▪ Such diurnal variations may possibly explain why two of the patients showed increased bile acid synthesis but normal SeHCAT values.
▪ Ultrasound scanning may show thickening of the bile ducts and less often provides evidence of bile duct stricturing and/or dilatation.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Daniel wanted to call out his shock, but the incoherent cry turned in his throat into a spurt of stomach bile.
▪ Therefore, there is a back-up of bile into the sinusoids and an overflow into the blood.
▪ These findings suggested that bile and taurodeoxycholic acid directly inhibited ileal motor activity.
▪ This pattern will continue until the regurgitation of bile causes hepatocellular damage.
▪ Whole bile samples were collected anaerobically and into sterile tubes.
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Bile

Bile \Bile\, n. [OE. byle, bule, bele, AS. b?le, b?l; skin to D. buil, G. beule, and Goth. ufbauljan to puff up. Cf. Boil a tumor, Bulge.] A boil. [Obs. or Archaic]

Bile

Bile \Bile\, n. [L. bilis: cf. F. bile.]

  1. (Physiol.) A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive process. Its characteristic constituents are the bile salts, and coloring matters.

  2. Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor; as, to stir one's bile.
    --Prescott.

    Note: The ancients considered the bile to be the ``humor'' which caused irascibility.

Related phrases:
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
bile

1660s, from French bile (17c.) "bile," also, informally, "anger," from Latin bilis "fluid secreted by the liver," also one of the four humors (also known as choler), thus "anger, peevishness" (especially as black bile, 1797).

Wiktionary
bile

Etymology 1 n. 1 (context biochemistry English) A bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and discharged into the duodenum where it aids the process of digestion. 2 bitterness of temper; ill humour; irascibility. 3 Two of the four humours, black bile or yellow bile, in ancient and medieval physiology. Etymology 2

n. (context obsolete English) A boil (kind of swelling).

Related phrases:
WordNet
bile

n. a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats [syn: gall]

Related phrases:
Wikipedia
Bile

Bile or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is produced continuously by the liver (liver bile), and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder (gallbladder bile). After eating, this stored bile is discharged into the duodenum. The composition of gallbladder bile is 97% water, 0.7% bile salts, 0.2% bilirubin, 0.51% fats (cholesterol, fatty acids and lecithin), and 200 meq/l inorganic salts.

Bile was the yellow bile in the four humor system of medicine, the standard of medical practice in Europe from 500 B.C. to the early nineteenth century.

Bile (band)

Bile is an industrial metal project based in the New York City, USA area. Although there has been so many different members throughout the bands career, Krztoff is the songwriting, recording and conceptual leader. But the team of Krztoff and R.H.Bear are the ones driving the tank. The group has performed with as many as 11 and as small as 2 people on-stage. The early shows in 1993-1995 NY included a dominatrix and fire-breather. In 2013 they added Brendin Ross to the lineup as a keyboard player. In 2014 they introduced former Agnostic Front drummer Steve Gallo

Bile (disambiguation)

Bile is a greenish-yellow alkaline fluid secreted from the liver of most vertebrates.

Bile may also refer to:

Bile (Irish legend)

Bilé is a character in the Lebor Gabála Érenn, a medieval Christian history of Ireland and the Irish (or Gaels), and in the genealogies of John O'Hart based on this tradition. He is described as a king of Galicia, an ancestor of the Gaels, the son of Breogan, and the father of Milesius. The Lebor Gabála purports to be an account of the Gaels' descent from Adam through the sons of Noah and how they came to Ireland. The tale relates that the Gaels spent 440 years wandering the Earth and underwent a series of tribulations, loosely based on the tale of the Israelites in the Old Testament. Eventually, the Gaels sailed to Iberia and conquered it. There, one of their leaders, Breogán, founded a city called Brigantia and built a great tower. From the top of the tower, his son Íth glimpses Ireland. The Gaels—including some of Breogán's sons—sailed to Ireland from Brigantia and took it from the Tuatha Dé Danann, the Irish pagan gods. Brigantia likely refers to A Coruña in Galicia (which was then known as Brigantium) and Breogán's tower is likely based on the Tower of Hercules (which was built at A Coruña by the Romans) or the Tower of Babel. The idea that the Irish Gaels came from Iberia may be based on the similarity of the names Iberia and Hibernia and the names Galicia and Gael. Bilé is listed as the father of Fuat, a son who traveled to Inis Magdana, Moagdéda, or Mor-Oc Diada ("Great Young Divine"), and island where no man could tell a lie; Fuat brought a piece of sod from Inis Mor-Oc Diada back to Ireland, which he placed under his seat of judgement, and which turned upside down whenever he spoke a lie.

Related phrases:

Usage examples of "bile".

They are probably allied to neurine, an alkaloid obtained from the brain and also from the bile.

At this my bile overpowered me, and I was going to seize him anti throw him out of the window, when Don Antonio Grimaldi came in.

Lydia had shot him that night in Isel Woods had Harris tasting bile in his throat.

Thay aint over stockt with branes, but thay hav brass enuff to make suffishunt kittles to bile all the sope that will be required by the ensooin sixteen ginerashuns.

Swamp still appeared benign to those whose daily job was to landfill and dump and level out the increasing bile and fodder.

Miss Mahan felt her throat beginning to burn from the bile rising in it.

On the monitor a chart appeared, giving the results from the analysis: bile pigments, stercobilin, urobilin, indole, nitrates, skatole, mercaptans, hydrogen sulfide.

Sugars, acetone bodies, creatine, nitrogenous compounds, haemoglobin, myoglobin, amino acids and metabolites, uric acid, urea, urobilinogen and coproporphyrins, bile pigments, minerals, fats, and of course a great variety of psychotropic drugs: certainly all of the ones proscribed by the US Federal Bureau of Narcotics.

He retched at this memory, the bile rising suddenly in his throat, and turned quickly away in need of a discreet placea plant pot, maybe, or an open windowwhere he might vomit.

Gagging, Trull stumbled across, his moccasins plunging down into warm pockets, lifting clear sheathed in blood and bile.

Fury sent bile to his tongue as he remembered the subtle threat of violation that had threaded through his system as the demon siphoned his wrist.

Clutching his chest, feeling that his heart must crack from the pain, Sond swallowed the bile rising in his throat.

She spat, trying to clear her mouth of the taste of spoiled milk and bile.

When the system is surcharged with bile, from a congested condition of the liver, we use these agents in order to obtain necessary relief.

She swal 1owed hard at the memory, and shuddered as the bile rose in her throat.