What is "bayer"

Bayer is a lunar impact crater located in the southwest section of the moon, to the east of the crater Schiller. The rim of Bayer is slightly worn by erosion, but remains well-defined. There is an inner terrace, but the outer wall is intruded upon by nearby impacts. The most significant of these is Schiller H, which forms a ridge attached to the northwest rim of Bayer. The floor of Bayer is relatively flat and lacks a central peak. There is a small, but notable crater on the floor near the western wall. This crater has a breach in its northern rim.

Bayer may refer to:

• a native or inhabitant of the Free State of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern)
• Bayer AG, a German chemical and pharmaceutical company
• Bayer (crater), a lunar crater
• Bayer filter, a color filter mosaic also known as a Bayer pattern or Bayer mask, used in digital camera image sensors
• Bayer, Iran, a village in Kermanshah Province, Iran
• Bayer designation for star names
• KFC Uerdingen 05, formerly known as FC Bayer 05 Uerdingen, a German football club
• Bayer Leverkusen, a German sports and football club
• Bayer Esporte Clube, a Brazilian football club
• Baeyer's reagent, a mild oxidation reagent used in organic chemistry
• Bayer (surname), list of people with this name

Bayer AG is a German multinational chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in Barmen (today a part of Wuppertal), Germany in 1863. It is headquartered in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, where its illuminated sign is a landmark. Bayer's primary areas of business include human and veterinary pharmaceuticals; consumer healthcare products; agricultural chemicals and biotechnology products; and high value polymers. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.

Bayer's first and best known product was aspirin; there is a dispute about what scientist at Bayer made the most important contributions to it, Arthur Eichengrün or Felix Hoffmann. Bayer trademarked " heroin" and marketed it as a cough suppressant and non-addictive substitute for morphine from 1898 to 1910. Bayer also introduced phenobarbital, prontosil, the first widely used antibiotic and the subject of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Medicine, the antibiotic Cipro ( ciprofloxacin), and Yaz ( drospirenone) birth control pills. In 2014 Bayer bought Merck's consumer business, with brands such as Claritin, Coppertone and Dr. Scholl's. Its BayerCropscience business develops genetically modified crops and pesticides. Its materials science division makes polymers like polyurethanes and polycarbonate.

In 1925, Bayer became part of IG Farben, the world's largest chemical company. Following the Nazi takeover of Germany, IG Farben was embroiled in the Nazi regime's policies as a large government contractor. After World War II, Bayer was reestablished as an independent company, and quickly regained its position as one of the world's largest chemical and pharmaceutical corporations. Bayer has been involved in controversies regarding some of its drug products; its statin drug Baycol ( cerivastatin) was discontinued in 2001 after 52 people died from renal failure, and Trasylol ( aprotinin), used to control bleeding during major surgery, was withdrawn from the markets worldwide when reports of increased mortality emerged; it was later re-introduced in Europe but not in the US.

Bayer is a surname with various origins. It occurs most commonly in German-speaking countries, where it can be either habitational (Bayer being the male German language demonym for Bavaria) or occupational (derived from the archaic German verb beiern, "to ring (a bell)", thus referring to individuals tasked with ringing church bells).

In the English-speaking world, the surname is of Boernician origin, in the Scottish–English borders. It is derived from the place name Byers which in turn comes from the Old English byre, meaning cattle-shed. Related names include Byers, Byres, Byer, Buyers and Byris.